flash: write_image would fail for certain images

[openocd.git] / src / flash / nor / core.c

/***************************************************************************
 *   Copyright (C) 2005 by Dominic Rath <Dominic.Rath@gmx.de>              *
 *   Copyright (C) 2007-2010 Øyvind Harboe <oyvind.harboe@zylin.com>       *
 *   Copyright (C) 2008 by Spencer Oliver <spen@spen-soft.co.uk>           *
 *   Copyright (C) 2009 Zachary T Welch <zw@superlucidity.net>             *
 *                                                                         *
 *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify  *
 *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by  *
 *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or     *
 *   (at your option) any later version.                                   *
 *                                                                         *
 *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,       *
 *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of        *
 *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the         *
 *   GNU General Public License for more details.                          *
 *                                                                         *
 *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License     *
 *   along with this program; if not, write to the                         *
 *   Free Software Foundation, Inc.,                                       *
 *   59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA.             *
 ***************************************************************************/

#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
#include <config.h>
#endif
#include <flash/common.h>
#include <flash/nor/core.h>
#include <flash/nor/imp.h>
#include <target/image.h>


/**
 * @file
 * Upper level of NOR flash framework.
 * The lower level interfaces are to drivers.  These upper level ones
 * primarily support access from Tcl scripts or from GDB.
 */

static struct flash_bank *flash_banks;

int flash_driver_erase(struct flash_bank *bank, int first, int last)
{
        int retval;

        retval = bank->driver->erase(bank, first, last);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        {
                LOG_ERROR("failed erasing sectors %d to %d (%d)", first, last, retval);
        }

        return retval;
}

int flash_driver_protect(struct flash_bank *bank, int set, int first, int last)
{
        int retval;
        bool updated = false;

        /* NOTE: "first == last" means (un?)protect just that sector.
         code including Lower level ddrivers may rely on this "first <= last"
         * invariant.
        */

        /* callers may not supply illegal parameters ... */
        if (first < 0 || first > last || last >= bank->num_sectors)
                return ERROR_FAIL;

        /* force "set" to 0/1 */
        set = !!set;

        /*
         * Filter out what trivial nonsense we can, so drivers don't have to.
         *
         * Don't tell drivers to change to the current state...  it's needless,
         * and reducing the amount of work to be done (potentially to nothing)
         * speeds at least some things up.
         */
scan:
        for (int i = first; i <= last; i++) {
                struct flash_sector *sector = bank->sectors + i;

                /* Only filter requests to protect the already-protected, or
                 * to unprotect the already-unprotected.  Changing from the
                 * unknown state (-1) to a known one is unwise but allowed;
                 * protection status is best checked first.
                 */
                if (sector->is_protected != set)
                        continue;

                /* Shrink this range of sectors from the start; don't overrun
                 * the end.  Also shrink from the end; don't overun the start.
                 *
                 * REVISIT we could handle discontiguous regions by issuing
                 * more than one driver request.  How much would that matter?
                 */
                if (i == first && i != last) {
                        updated = true;
                        first++;
                } else if (i == last && i != first) {
                        updated = true;
                        last--;
                }
        }

        /* updating the range affects the tests in the scan loop above; so
         * re-scan, to make sure we didn't miss anything.
         */
        if (updated) {
                updated = false;
                goto scan;
        }

        /* Single sector, already protected?  Nothing to do!
         * We may have trimmed our parameters into this degenerate case.
         *
         * FIXME repeating the "is_protected==set" test is a giveaway that
         * this fast-exit belongs earlier, in the trim-it-down loop; mve.
         * */
        if (first == last && bank->sectors[first].is_protected == set)
                return ERROR_OK;


        /* Note that we don't pass illegal parameters to drivers; any
         * trimming just turns one valid range into another one.
         */
        retval = bank->driver->protect(bank, set, first, last);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        {
                LOG_ERROR("failed setting protection for areas %d to %d (%d)", first, last, retval);
        }

        return retval;
}

int flash_driver_write(struct flash_bank *bank,
                uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t offset, uint32_t count)
{
        int retval;

        retval = bank->driver->write(bank, buffer, offset, count);
        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        {
                LOG_ERROR("error writing to flash at address 0x%08" PRIx32 " at offset 0x%8.8" PRIx32 " (%d)",
                          bank->base, offset, retval);
        }

        return retval;
}

void flash_bank_add(struct flash_bank *bank)
{
        /* put flash bank in linked list */
        unsigned bank_num = 0;
        if (flash_banks)
        {
                /* find last flash bank */
                struct flash_bank *p = flash_banks;
                while (NULL != p->next)
                {
                        bank_num += 1;
                        p = p->next;
                }
                p->next = bank;
                bank_num += 1;
        }
        else
                flash_banks = bank;

        bank->bank_number = bank_num;
}

struct flash_bank *flash_bank_list(void)
{
        return flash_banks;
}

struct flash_bank *get_flash_bank_by_num_noprobe(int num)
{
        struct flash_bank *p;
        int i = 0;

        for (p = flash_banks; p; p = p->next)
        {
                if (i++ == num)
                {
                        return p;
                }
        }
        LOG_ERROR("flash bank %d does not exist", num);
        return NULL;
}

int flash_get_bank_count(void)
{
        struct flash_bank *p;
        int i = 0;
        for (p = flash_banks; p; p = p->next)
        {
                i++;
        }
        return i;
}

struct flash_bank *get_flash_bank_by_name(const char *name)
{
        unsigned requested = get_flash_name_index(name);
        unsigned found = 0;

        struct flash_bank *bank;
        for (bank = flash_banks; NULL != bank; bank = bank->next)
        {
                if (strcmp(bank->name, name) == 0)
                        return bank;
                if (!flash_driver_name_matches(bank->driver->name, name))
                        continue;
                if (++found < requested)
                        continue;
                return bank;
        }
        return NULL;
}

struct flash_bank *get_flash_bank_by_num(int num)
{
        struct flash_bank *p = get_flash_bank_by_num_noprobe(num);
        int retval;

        if (p == NULL)
                return NULL;

        retval = p->driver->auto_probe(p);

        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
        {
                LOG_ERROR("auto_probe failed %d\n", retval);
                return NULL;
        }
        return p;
}

/* lookup flash bank by address */
struct flash_bank *get_flash_bank_by_addr(struct target *target, uint32_t addr)
{
        struct flash_bank *c;

        /* cycle through bank list */
        for (c = flash_banks; c; c = c->next)
        {
                int retval;
                retval = c->driver->auto_probe(c);

                if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                {
                        LOG_ERROR("auto_probe failed %d\n", retval);
                        return NULL;
                }
                /* check whether address belongs to this flash bank */
                if ((addr >= c->base) && (addr <= c->base + (c->size - 1)) && target == c->target)
                        return c;
        }
        LOG_ERROR("No flash at address 0x%08" PRIx32 "\n", addr);
        return NULL;
}

int default_flash_mem_blank_check(struct flash_bank *bank)
{
        struct target *target = bank->target;
        const int buffer_size = 1024;
        int i;
        uint32_t nBytes;
        int retval = ERROR_OK;

        if (bank->target->state != TARGET_HALTED)
        {
                LOG_ERROR("Target not halted");
                return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED;
        }

        uint8_t *buffer = malloc(buffer_size);

        for (i = 0; i < bank->num_sectors; i++)
        {
                uint32_t j;
                bank->sectors[i].is_erased = 1;

                for (j = 0; j < bank->sectors[i].size; j += buffer_size)
                {
                        uint32_t chunk;
                        chunk = buffer_size;
                        if (chunk > (j - bank->sectors[i].size))
                        {
                                chunk = (j - bank->sectors[i].size);
                        }

                        retval = target_read_memory(target, bank->base + bank->sectors[i].offset + j, 4, chunk/4, buffer);
                        if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                        {
                                goto done;
                        }

                        for (nBytes = 0; nBytes < chunk; nBytes++)
                        {
                                if (buffer[nBytes] != 0xFF)
                                {
                                        bank->sectors[i].is_erased = 0;
                                        break;
                                }
                        }
                }
        }

        done:
        free(buffer);

        return retval;
}

int default_flash_blank_check(struct flash_bank *bank)
{
        struct target *target = bank->target;
        int i;
        int retval;
        int fast_check = 0;
        uint32_t blank;

        if (bank->target->state != TARGET_HALTED)
        {
                LOG_ERROR("Target not halted");
                return ERROR_TARGET_NOT_HALTED;
        }

        for (i = 0; i < bank->num_sectors; i++)
        {
                uint32_t address = bank->base + bank->sectors[i].offset;
                uint32_t size = bank->sectors[i].size;

                if ((retval = target_blank_check_memory(target, address, size, &blank)) != ERROR_OK)
                {
                        fast_check = 0;
                        break;
                }
                if (blank == 0xFF)
                        bank->sectors[i].is_erased = 1;
                else
                        bank->sectors[i].is_erased = 0;
                fast_check = 1;
        }

        if (!fast_check)
        {
                LOG_USER("Running slow fallback erase check - add working memory");
                return default_flash_mem_blank_check(bank);
        }

        return ERROR_OK;
}

/* Manipulate given flash region, selecting the bank according to target
 * and address.  Maps an address range to a set of sectors, and issues
 * the callback() on that set ... e.g. to erase or unprotect its members.
 *
 * (Note a current bad assumption:  that protection operates on the same
 * size sectors as erase operations use.)
 *
 * The "pad_reason" parameter is a kind of boolean:  when it's NULL, the
 * range must fit those sectors exactly.  This is clearly safe; it can't
 * erase data which the caller said to leave alone, for example.  If it's
 * non-NULL, rather than failing, extra data in the first and/or last
 * sectors will be added to the range, and that reason string is used when
 * warning about those additions.
 */
static int flash_iterate_address_range(struct target *target,
                char *pad_reason, uint32_t addr, uint32_t length,
                int (*callback)(struct flash_bank *bank, int first, int last))
{
        struct flash_bank *c;
        uint32_t last_addr = addr + length;     /* first address AFTER end */
        int first = -1;
        int last = -1;
        int i;

        if ((c = get_flash_bank_by_addr(target, addr)) == NULL)
                return ERROR_FLASH_DST_OUT_OF_BANK; /* no corresponding bank found */

        if (c->size == 0 || c->num_sectors == 0)
        {
                LOG_ERROR("Bank is invalid");
                return ERROR_FLASH_BANK_INVALID;
        }

        if (length == 0)
        {
                /* special case, erase whole bank when length is zero */
                if (addr != c->base)
                {
                        LOG_ERROR("Whole bank access must start at beginning of bank.");
                        return ERROR_FLASH_DST_BREAKS_ALIGNMENT;
                }

                return callback(c, 0, c->num_sectors - 1);
        }

        /* check whether it all fits in this bank */
        if (addr + length - 1 > c->base + c->size - 1)
        {
                LOG_ERROR("Flash access does not fit into bank.");
                return ERROR_FLASH_DST_BREAKS_ALIGNMENT;
        }

        /** @todo: handle erasures that cross into adjacent banks */

        addr -= c->base;
        last_addr -= c->base;

        for (i = 0; i < c->num_sectors; i++)
        {
                struct flash_sector *f = c->sectors + i;
                uint32_t end = f->offset + f->size;

                /* start only on a sector boundary */
                if (first < 0) {
                        /* scanned past the first sector? */
                        if (addr < f->offset)
                                break;

                        /* is this the first sector? */
                        if (addr == f->offset)
                                first = i;

                        /* Does this need head-padding?  If so, pad and warn;
                         * or else force an error.
                         *
                         * Such padding can make trouble, since *WE* can't
                         * ever know if that data was in use.  The warning
                         * should help users sort out messes later.
                         */
                        else if (addr < end && pad_reason) {
                                /* FIXME say how many bytes (e.g. 80 KB) */
                                LOG_WARNING("Adding extra %s range, "
                                                "%#8.8x to %#8.8x",
                                        pad_reason,
                                        (unsigned) f->offset,
                                        (unsigned) addr - 1);
                                first = i;
                        } else
                                continue;
                }

                /* is this (also?) the last sector? */
                if (last_addr == end) {
                        last = i;
                        break;
                }

                /* Does this need tail-padding?  If so, pad and warn;
                 * or else force an error.
                 */
                if (last_addr < end && pad_reason) {
                        /* FIXME say how many bytes (e.g. 80 KB) */
                        LOG_WARNING("Adding extra %s range, "
                                        "%#8.8x to %#8.8x",
                                pad_reason,
                                (unsigned) last_addr,
                                (unsigned) end - 1);
                        last = i;
                        break;
                }

                /* MUST finish on a sector boundary */
                if (last_addr <= f->offset)
                        break;
        }

        /* invalid start or end address? */
        if (first == -1 || last == -1) {
                LOG_ERROR("address range 0x%8.8x .. 0x%8.8x "
                                "is not sector-aligned",
                                (unsigned) (c->base + addr),
                                (unsigned) (c->base + last_addr - 1));
                return ERROR_FLASH_DST_BREAKS_ALIGNMENT;
        }

        /* The NOR driver may trim this range down, based on what
         * sectors are already erased/unprotected.  GDB currently
         * blocks such optimizations.
         */
        return callback(c, first, last);
}

int flash_erase_address_range(struct target *target,
                bool pad, uint32_t addr, uint32_t length)
{
        return flash_iterate_address_range(target, pad ? "erase" : NULL,
                        addr, length, &flash_driver_erase);
}

static int flash_driver_unprotect(struct flash_bank *bank, int first, int last)
{
        return flash_driver_protect(bank, 0, first, last);
}

static int flash_unlock_address_range(struct target *target, uint32_t addr, uint32_t length)
{
        /* By default, pad to sector boundaries ... the real issue here
         * is that our (only) caller *permanently* removes protection,
         * and doesn't restore it.
         */
        return flash_iterate_address_range(target, "unprotect",
                        addr, length, &flash_driver_unprotect);
}

static int compare_section (const void * a, const void * b)
{
        struct imageection *b1, *b2;
        b1=*((struct imageection **)a);
        b2=*((struct imageection **)b);

        if (b1->base_address == b2->base_address)
        {
                return 0;
        } else if (b1->base_address > b2->base_address)
        {
                return 1;
        } else
        {
                return -1;
        }
}


int flash_write_unlock(struct target *target, struct image *image,
                uint32_t *written, int erase, bool unlock)
{
        int retval = ERROR_OK;

        int section;
        uint32_t section_offset;
        struct flash_bank *c;
        int *padding;

        section = 0;
        section_offset = 0;

        if (written)
                *written = 0;

        if (erase)
        {
                /* assume all sectors need erasing - stops any problems
                 * when flash_write is called multiple times */

                flash_set_dirty();
        }

        /* allocate padding array */
        padding = calloc(image->num_sections, sizeof(*padding));

        /* This fn requires all sections to be in ascending order of addresses,
         * whereas an image can have sections out of order. */
        struct imageection **sections = malloc(sizeof(struct imageection *) *
                        image->num_sections);
        int i;
        for (i = 0; i < image->num_sections; i++)
        {
                sections[i] = &image->sections[i];
        }

        qsort(sections, image->num_sections, sizeof(struct imageection *),
                        compare_section);

        /* loop until we reach end of the image */
        while (section < image->num_sections)
        {
                uint32_t buffer_size;
                uint8_t *buffer;
                int section_first;
                int section_last;
                uint32_t run_address = sections[section]->base_address + section_offset;
                uint32_t run_size = sections[section]->size - section_offset;
                int pad_bytes = 0;

                if (sections[section]->size ==  0)
                {
                        LOG_WARNING("empty section %d", section);
                        section++;
                        section_offset = 0;
                        continue;
                }

                /* find the corresponding flash bank */
                if ((c = get_flash_bank_by_addr(target, run_address)) == NULL)
                {
                        section++; /* and skip it */
                        section_offset = 0;
                        continue;
                }

                /* collect consecutive sections which fall into the same bank */
                section_first = section;
                section_last = section;
                padding[section] = 0;
                while ((run_address + run_size - 1 < c->base + c->size - 1)
                                && (section_last + 1 < image->num_sections))
                {
                        if (sections[section_last + 1]->base_address < (run_address + run_size))
                        {
                                LOG_DEBUG("section %d out of order "
                                                "(surprising, but supported)",
                                                section_last + 1);
                                /* REVISIT this can break with autoerase ...
                                 * clobbering data after it's written.
                                 */
                                break;
                        }

                        /* FIXME This needlessly touches sectors BETWEEN the
                         * sections it's writing.  Without auto erase, it just
                         * writes ones.  That WILL INVALIDATE data in cases
                         * like Stellaris Tempest chips, corrupting internal
                         * ECC codes; and at least FreeScale suggests issues
                         * with that approach (in HC11 documentation).
                         *
                         * With auto erase enabled, data in those sectors will
                         * be needlessly destroyed; and some of the limited
                         * number of flash erase cycles will be wasted...
                         *
                         * In both cases, the extra writes slow things down.
                         */

                        /* if we have multiple sections within our image,
                         * flash programming could fail due to alignment issues
                         * attempt to rebuild a consecutive buffer for the flash loader */
                        pad_bytes = (sections[section_last + 1]->base_address) - (run_address + run_size);
                        if ((run_address + run_size + pad_bytes) > (c->base + c->size))
                                break;
                        padding[section_last] = pad_bytes;
                        run_size += sections[++section_last]->size;
                        run_size += pad_bytes;

                        if (pad_bytes > 0)
                                LOG_INFO("Padding image section %d with %d bytes", section_last-1, pad_bytes);
                }

                /* fit the run into bank constraints */
                if (run_address + run_size - 1 > c->base + c->size - 1)
                {
                        /* REVISIT isn't this superfluous, given the while()
                         * loop conditions above??
                         */
                        LOG_WARNING("writing %d bytes only - as image section is %d bytes and bank is only %d bytes", \
                                    (int)(c->base + c->size - run_address), (int)(run_size), (int)(c->size));
                        run_size = c->base + c->size - run_address;
                }

                /* If we're applying any sector automagic, then pad this
                 * (maybe-combined) segment to the end of its last sector.
                 */
                if (unlock || erase) {
                        int sector;
                        uint32_t offset_start = run_address - c->base;
                        uint32_t offset_end = offset_start + run_size;
                        uint32_t end = offset_end, delta;

                        for (sector = 0; sector < c->num_sectors; sector++) {
                                end = c->sectors[sector].offset
                                                + c->sectors[sector].size;
                                if (offset_end <= end)
                                        break;
                        }

                        delta = end - offset_end;
                        padding[section_last] += delta;
                        run_size += delta;
                }

                /* allocate buffer */
                buffer = malloc(run_size);
                buffer_size = 0;

                /* read sections to the buffer */
                while (buffer_size < run_size)
                {
                        size_t size_read;

                        size_read = run_size - buffer_size;
                        if (size_read > sections[section]->size - section_offset)
                            size_read = sections[section]->size - section_offset;

                        /* KLUDGE!
                         *
                         * #¤%#"%¤% we have to figure out the section # from the sorted
                         * list of pointers to sections to invoke image_read_section()...
                         */
                        int t_section_num = (sections[section] - image->sections) / sizeof(struct imageection);

                        if ((retval = image_read_section(image, t_section_num, section_offset,
                                        size_read, buffer + buffer_size, &size_read)) != ERROR_OK || size_read == 0)
                        {
                                free(buffer);
                                goto done;
                        }

                        /* see if we need to pad the section */
                        while (padding[section]--)
                                 (buffer + buffer_size)[size_read++] = 0xff;

                        buffer_size += size_read;
                        section_offset += size_read;

                        if (section_offset >= sections[section]->size)
                        {
                                section++;
                                section_offset = 0;
                        }
                }

                retval = ERROR_OK;

                if (unlock)
                {
                        retval = flash_unlock_address_range(target, run_address, run_size);
                }
                if (retval == ERROR_OK)
                {
                        if (erase)
                        {
                                /* calculate and erase sectors */
                                retval = flash_erase_address_range(target,
                                                true, run_address, run_size);
                        }
                }

                if (retval == ERROR_OK)
                {
                        /* write flash sectors */
                        retval = flash_driver_write(c, buffer, run_address - c->base, run_size);
                }

                free(buffer);

                if (retval != ERROR_OK)
                {
                        /* abort operation */
                        goto done;
                }

                if (written != NULL)
                        *written += run_size; /* add run size to total written counter */
        }


done:
        free(sections);
        free(padding);

        return retval;
}

int flash_write(struct target *target, struct image *image,
                uint32_t *written, int erase)
{
        return flash_write_unlock(target, image, written, erase, false);
}

/**
 * Invalidates cached flash state which a target can change as it runs.
 *
 * @param target The target being resumed
 *
 * OpenOCD caches some flash state for brief periods.  For example, a sector
 * that is protected must be unprotected before OpenOCD tries to write it,
 * Also, a sector that's not erased must be erased before it's written.
 *
 * As a rule, OpenOCD and target firmware can both modify the flash, so when
 * a target starts running, OpenOCD needs to invalidate its cached state.
 */
void nor_resume(struct target *target)
{
        struct flash_bank *bank;

        for (bank = flash_banks; bank; bank = bank->next) {
                int i;

                if (bank->target != target)
                        continue;

                for (i = 0; i < bank->num_sectors; i++) {
                        struct flash_sector *sector = bank->sectors + i;

                        sector->is_erased = -1;
                        sector->is_protected = -1;
                }
        }
}