* Architecture and Core Commands:: Architecture and Core Commands
* JTAG Commands:: JTAG Commands
* Boundary Scan Commands:: Boundary Scan Commands
+* Utility Commands:: Utility Commands
* TFTP:: TFTP
* GDB and OpenOCD:: Using GDB and OpenOCD
* Tcl Scripting API:: Tcl Scripting API
@unnumbered About
@cindex about
-OpenOCD was created by Dominic Rath as part of a diploma thesis written at the
-University of Applied Sciences Augsburg (@uref{http://www.fh-augsburg.de}).
+OpenOCD was created by Dominic Rath as part of a 2005 diploma thesis written
+at the University of Applied Sciences Augsburg (@uref{http://www.hs-augsburg.de}).
Since that time, the project has grown into an active open-source project,
supported by a diverse community of software and hardware developers from
around the world.
These adapters are sometimes packaged as discrete dongles, which
may generically be called @dfn{hardware interface dongles}.
Some development boards also integrate them directly, which may
-let the development board can be directly connected to the debug
+let the development board connect directly to the debug
host over USB (and sometimes also to power it over USB).
For example, a @dfn{JTAG Adapter} supports JTAG
There are also @dfn{SWD Adapters} that support Serial Wire Debug (SWD)
signaling to communicate with some newer ARM cores, as well as debug
-adapters which support both JTAG and SWD transports. SWD only supports
+adapters which support both JTAG and SWD transports. SWD supports only
debugging, whereas JTAG also supports boundary scan operations.
For some chips, there are also @dfn{Programming Adapters} supporting
(At this writing, OpenOCD does not support such non-debug adapters.)
-@b{Dongles:} OpenOCD currently supports many types of hardware dongles: USB
-based, parallel port based, and other standalone boxes that run
+@b{Dongles:} OpenOCD currently supports many types of hardware dongles:
+USB-based, parallel port-based, and other standalone boxes that run
OpenOCD internally. @xref{Debug Adapter Hardware}.
@b{GDB Debug:} It allows ARM7 (ARM7TDMI and ARM720t), ARM9 (ARM920T,
Cortex-M3 (Stellaris LM3, ST STM32 and Energy Micro EFM32) based cores to be
debugged via the GDB protocol.
-@b{Flash Programing:} Flash writing is supported for external CFI
-compatible NOR flashes (Intel and AMD/Spansion command set) and several
+@b{Flash Programming:} Flash writing is supported for external
+CFI-compatible NOR flashes (Intel and AMD/Spansion command set) and several
internal flashes (LPC1700, LPC1800, LPC2000, LPC4300, AT91SAM7, AT91SAM3U,
STR7x, STR9x, LM3, STM32x and EFM32). Preliminary support for various NAND flash
-controllers (LPC3180, Orion, S3C24xx, more) controller is included.
+controllers (LPC3180, Orion, S3C24xx, more) is included.
@section OpenOCD Web Site
The resources in this chapter are available for developers wishing to explore
or expand the OpenOCD source code.
-@section OpenOCD GIT Repository
+@section OpenOCD Git Repository
During the 0.3.x release cycle, OpenOCD switched from Subversion to
-a GIT repository hosted at SourceForge. The repository URL is:
+a Git repository hosted at SourceForge. The repository URL is:
@uref{git://git.code.sf.net/p/openocd/code}
@uref{http://repo.or.cz/r/openocd.git}
-With standard GIT tools, use @command{git clone} to initialize
+With standard Git tools, use @command{git clone} to initialize
a local repository, and @command{git pull} to update it.
There are also gitweb pages letting you browse the repository
with a web browser, or download arbitrary snapshots without
-needing a GIT client:
+needing a Git client:
@uref{http://repo.or.cz/w/openocd.git}
This document is a work-in-progress, but contributions would be welcome
to fill in the gaps. All of the source files are provided in-tree,
-listed in the Doxyfile configuration in the top of the source tree.
+listed in the Doxyfile configuration at the top of the source tree.
@section OpenOCD Developer Mailing List
@cindex USB Adapter
@cindex RTCK
-Defined: @b{dongle}: A small device that plugins into a computer and serves as
+Defined: @b{dongle}: A small device that plugs into a computer and serves as
an adapter .... [snip]
In the OpenOCD case, this generally refers to @b{a small adapter} that
-attaches to your computer via USB or the Parallel Printer Port. One
-exception is the Zylin ZY1000, packaged as a small box you attach via
-an ethernet cable. The Zylin ZY1000 has the advantage that it does not
+attaches to your computer via USB or the parallel port. One
+exception is the Ultimate Solutions ZY1000, packaged as a small box you
+attach via an ethernet cable. The ZY1000 has the advantage that it does not
require any drivers to be installed on the developer PC. It also has
a built in web interface. It supports RTCK/RCLK or adaptive clocking
-and has a built in relay to power cycle targets remotely.
+and has a built-in relay to power cycle targets remotely.
@section Choosing a Dongle
@item @b{Pinout} What pinout does your target board use?
Does your dongle support it? You may be able to use jumper
wires, or an "octopus" connector, to convert pinouts.
-@item @b{Connection} Does your computer have the USB, printer, or
+@item @b{Connection} Does your computer have the USB, parallel, or
Ethernet port needed?
@item @b{RTCK} Do you expect to use it with ARM chips and boards with
-RTCK support? Also known as ``adaptive clocking''
+RTCK support (also known as ``adaptive clocking'')?
@end enumerate
-@section Stand alone Systems
+@section Stand-alone JTAG Probe
-@b{ZY1000} See: @url{http://www.ultsol.com/index.php/component/content/article/8/33-zylin-zy1000-jtag-probe}
-Technically, not a dongle, but a standalone box. The ZY1000 has the advantage that it does
-not require any drivers installed on the developer PC. It also has
-a built in web interface. It supports RTCK/RCLK or adaptive clocking
-and has a built in relay to power cycle targets remotely.
+The ZY1000 from Ultimate Solutions is technically not a dongle but a
+stand-alone JTAG probe that, unlike most dongles, doesn't require any drivers
+running on the developer's host computer.
+Once installed on a network using DHCP or a static IP assignment, users can
+access the ZY1000 probe locally or remotely from any host with access to the
+IP address assigned to the probe.
+The ZY1000 provides an intuitive web interface with direct access to the
+OpenOCD debugger.
+Users may also run a GDBSERVER directly on the ZY1000 to take full advantage
+of GCC & GDB to debug any distribution of embedded Linux or NetBSD running on
+the target.
+The ZY1000 supports RTCK & RCLK or adaptive clocking and has a built-in relay
+to power cycle the target remotely.
+
+For more information, visit:
+
+@b{ZY1000} See: @url{http://www.ultsol.com/index.php/component/content/article/8/210-zylin-zy1000-main}
@section USB FT2232 Based
-There are many USB JTAG dongles on the market, many of them are based
+There are many USB JTAG dongles on the market, many of them based
on a chip from ``Future Technology Devices International'' (FTDI)
known as the FTDI FT2232; this is a USB full speed (12 Mbps) chip.
See: @url{http://www.ftdichip.com} for more information.
In summer 2009, USB high speed (480 Mbps) versions of these FTDI
-chips are starting to become available in JTAG adapters. Around 2012 a new
+chips started to become available in JTAG adapters. Around 2012, a new
variant appeared - FT232H - this is a single-channel version of FT2232H.
(Adapters using those high speed FT2232H or FT232H chips may support adaptive
clocking.)
other one is used to provide a debug adapter.
Also, some development boards integrate an FT2232 chip to serve as
-a built-in low cost debug adapter and usb-to-serial solution.
+a built-in low-cost debug adapter and USB-to-serial solution.
@itemize @bullet
@item @b{usbjtag}
(OpenHardware).
@item @b{JTAG-lock-pick Tiny 2}
@* Link @url{http://www.distortec.com/jtag-lock-pick-tiny-2} FT232H-based
-@end itemize
+@item @b{GW16042}
+@* Link: @url{http://shop.gateworks.com/index.php?route=product/product&path=70_80&product_id=64}
+FT2232H-based
+
+@end itemize
@section USB-JTAG / Altera USB-Blaster compatibles
These devices also show up as FTDI devices, but are not
protocol-compatible with the FT2232 devices. They are, however,
protocol-compatible among themselves. USB-JTAG devices typically consist
of a FT245 followed by a CPLD that understands a particular protocol,
-or emulate this protocol using some other hardware.
+or emulates this protocol using some other hardware.
They may appear under different USB VID/PID depending on the particular
product. The driver can be configured to search for any VID/PID pair
@* Link: @url{http://www.st.com/internet/evalboard/product/251168.jsp}
@end itemize
-For info the original ST-LINK enumerates using the mass storage usb class, however
-it's implementation is completely broken. The result is this causes issues under linux.
-The simplest solution is to get linux to ignore the ST-LINK using one of the following methods:
+For info the original ST-LINK enumerates using the mass storage usb class; however,
+its implementation is completely broken. The result is this causes issues under Linux.
+The simplest solution is to get Linux to ignore the ST-LINK using one of the following methods:
@itemize @bullet
@item modprobe -r usb-storage && modprobe usb-storage quirks=483:3744:i
@item add "options usb-storage quirks=483:3744:i" to /etc/modprobe.conf
It is not to be confused with the FTDI based adapters that were originally fitted to their
evaluation boards. This is the adapter fitted to the Stellaris LaunchPad.
+@section USB CMSIS-DAP based
+ARM has released a interface standard called CMSIS-DAP that simplifies connecting
+debuggers to ARM Cortex based targets @url{http://www.keil.com/support/man/docs/dapdebug/dapdebug_introduction.htm}.
+
@section USB Other
@itemize @bullet
@item @b{USBprog}
@section IBM PC Parallel Printer Port Based
-The two well known ``JTAG Parallel Ports'' cables are the Xilnx DLC5
+The two well-known ``JTAG Parallel Ports'' cables are the Xilinx DLC5
and the Macraigor Wiggler. There are many clones and variations of
these on the market.
@item @b{Amontec - JTAG Accelerator}
@* Link: @url{http://www.amontec.com/jtag_accelerator.shtml}
-@item @b{GW16402}
-@* Link: @url{http://www.gateworks.com/products/avila_accessories/gw16042.php}
-
@item @b{Wiggler2}
@* Link: @url{http://www.ccac.rwth-aachen.de/~michaels/index.php/hardware/armjtag}
@item @b{at91rm9200}
@* Like the EP93xx - but an ATMEL AT91RM9200 based solution using the GPIO pins on the chip.
+@item @b{bcm2835gpio}
+@* A BCM2835-based board (e.g. Raspberry Pi) using the GPIO pins of the expansion header.
+
+@item @b{jtag_vpi}
+@* A JTAG driver acting as a client for the JTAG VPI server interface.
+@* Link: @url{http://github.com/fjullien/jtag_vpi}
+
@end itemize
@node About Jim-Tcl
All commands presented in this Guide are extensions to Jim-Tcl.
You can use them as simple commands, without needing to learn
much of anything about Tcl.
-Alternatively, can write Tcl programs with them.
+Alternatively, you can write Tcl programs with them.
-You can learn more about Jim at its website, @url{http://jim.berlios.de}.
+You can learn more about Jim at its website, @url{http://jim.tcl.tk}.
There is an active and responsive community, get on the mailing list
if you have any questions. Jim-Tcl maintainers also lurk on the
OpenOCD mailing list.
@item @b{Scripts}
@* OpenOCD configuration scripts are Jim-Tcl Scripts. OpenOCD's
command interpreter today is a mixture of (newer)
-Jim-Tcl commands, and (older) the orginal command interpreter.
+Jim-Tcl commands, and the (older) original command interpreter.
@item @b{Commands}
@* At the OpenOCD telnet command line (or via the GDB monitor command) one
@item @b{Historical Note}
@* Jim-Tcl was introduced to OpenOCD in spring 2008. Fall 2010,
-before OpenOCD 0.5 release OpenOCD switched to using Jim Tcl
-as a git submodule, which greatly simplified upgrading Jim Tcl
-to benefit from new features and bugfixes in Jim Tcl.
+before OpenOCD 0.5 release, OpenOCD switched to using Jim-Tcl
+as a Git submodule, which greatly simplified upgrading Jim-Tcl
+to benefit from new features and bugfixes in Jim-Tcl.
@item @b{Need a crash course in Tcl?}
@*@xref{Tcl Crash Course}.
If you find a script for your JTAG adapter, and for your board or
target, you may be able to hook up your JTAG adapter then start
-the server like:
+the server with some variation of one of the following:
@example
openocd -f interface/ADAPTER.cfg -f board/MYBOARD.cfg
+openocd -f interface/ftdi/ADAPTER.cfg -f board/MYBOARD.cfg
@end example
You might also need to configure which reset signals are present,
@chapter OpenOCD Project Setup
To use OpenOCD with your development projects, you need to do more than
-just connecting the JTAG adapter hardware (dongle) to your development board
-and then starting the OpenOCD server.
-You also need to configure that server so that it knows
-about that adapter and board, and helps your work.
+just connect the JTAG adapter hardware (dongle) to your development board
+and start the OpenOCD server.
+You also need to configure your OpenOCD server so that it knows
+about your adapter and board, and helps your work.
You may also want to connect OpenOCD to GDB, possibly
using Eclipse or some other GUI.
you are using to run OpenOCD.
For Ethernet, consult the documentation and your network administrator.
-For USB based JTAG adapters you have an easy sanity check at this point:
-does the host operating system see the JTAG adapter? If that host is an
+For USB-based JTAG adapters you have an easy sanity check at this point:
+does the host operating system see the JTAG adapter? If you're running
+Linux, try the @command{lsusb} command. If that host is an
MS-Windows host, you'll need to install a driver before OpenOCD works.
@item @emph{Connect the adapter's power supply, if needed.}
@item
You may may need to write some C code.
-It may be as simple as a supporting a new ft2232 or parport
+It may be as simple as supporting a new FT2232 or parport
based adapter; a bit more involved, like a NAND or NOR flash
controller driver; or a big piece of work like supporting
a new chip architecture.
hilscher_nxhx50_etm.cfg openocd-usb.cfg xds100v2.cfg
interface/ftdi:
-axm0432.cfg icebear.cfg oocdlink.cfg
-calao-usb-a9260-c01.cfg jtagkey2.cfg opendous_ftdi.cfg
-calao-usb-a9260-c02.cfg jtagkey2p.cfg openocd-usb.cfg
-cortino.cfg jtagkey.cfg openocd-usb-hs.cfg
-dlp-usb1232h.cfg jtag-lock-pick_tiny_2.cfg openrd.cfg
-dp_busblaster.cfg kt-link.cfg redbee-econotag.cfg
-flossjtag.cfg lisa-l.cfg redbee-usb.cfg
-flossjtag-noeeprom.cfg luminary.cfg sheevaplug.cfg
-flyswatter2.cfg luminary-icdi.cfg signalyzer.cfg
-flyswatter.cfg luminary-lm3s811.cfg signalyzer-lite.cfg
+axm0432.cfg hitex_str9-comstick.cfg olimex-jtag-tiny.cfg
+calao-usb-a9260-c01.cfg icebear.cfg oocdlink.cfg
+calao-usb-a9260-c02.cfg jtagkey2.cfg opendous_ftdi.cfg
+cortino.cfg jtagkey2p.cfg openocd-usb.cfg
+dlp-usb1232h.cfg jtagkey.cfg openocd-usb-hs.cfg
+dp_busblaster.cfg jtag-lock-pick_tiny_2.cfg openrd.cfg
+flossjtag.cfg kt-link.cfg redbee-econotag.cfg
+flossjtag-noeeprom.cfg lisa-l.cfg redbee-usb.cfg
+flyswatter2.cfg luminary.cfg sheevaplug.cfg
+flyswatter.cfg luminary-icdi.cfg signalyzer.cfg
+gw16042.cfg luminary-lm3s811.cfg signalyzer-lite.cfg
hilscher_nxhx10_etm.cfg minimodule.cfg stm32-stick.cfg
hilscher_nxhx500_etm.cfg neodb.cfg turtelizer2-revB.cfg
hilscher_nxhx500_re.cfg ngxtech.cfg turtelizer2-revC.cfg
hilscher_nxhx50_etm.cfg olimex-arm-usb-ocd.cfg vpaclink.cfg
hilscher_nxhx50_re.cfg olimex-arm-usb-ocd-h.cfg xds100v2.cfg
hitex_lpc1768stick.cfg olimex-arm-usb-tiny-h.cfg
-hitex_str9-comstick.cfg olimex-jtag-tiny.cfg
$
@end example
@item @file{board} ...
In summary the board files should contain (if present)
@enumerate
-@item One or more @command{source [target/...cfg]} statements
+@item One or more @command{source [find target/...cfg]} statements
@item NOR flash configuration (@pxref{norconfiguration,,NOR Configuration})
@item NAND flash configuration (@pxref{nandconfiguration,,NAND Configuration})
@item Target @code{reset} handlers for SDRAM and I/O configuration
(@xref{theinittargetsprocedure,,The init_targets procedure}.) - it's a replacement of ``linear''
configuration scripts. This procedure is meant to be executed when OpenOCD enters run stage
(@xref{enteringtherunstage,,Entering the Run Stage},) after @code{init_targets}. The idea to have
-spearate @code{init_targets} and @code{init_board} procedures is to allow the first one to configure
+separate @code{init_targets} and @code{init_board} procedures is to allow the first one to configure
everything target specific (internal flash, internal RAM, etc.) and the second one to configure
everything board specific (reset signals, chip frequency, reset-init event handler, external memory, etc.).
Additionally ``linear'' board config file will most likely fail when target config file uses
@code{init_targets} scheme (``linear'' script is executed before @code{init} and @code{init_targets} - after),
so separating these two configuration stages is very convenient, as the easiest way to overcome this
problem is to convert board config file to use @code{init_board} procedure. Board config scripts don't
-need to override @code{init_targets} defined in target config files when they only need to to add some specifics.
+need to override @code{init_targets} defined in target config files when they only need to add some specifics.
-Just as @code{init_targets}, the @code{init_board} procedure can be overriden by ``next level'' script (which sources
+Just as @code{init_targets}, the @code{init_board} procedure can be overridden by ``next level'' script (which sources
the original), allowing greater code reuse.
@example
use @option{enable} see these errors reported.
@end deffn
+@deffn {Config Command} gdb_target_description (@option{enable}|@option{disable})
+Set to @option{enable} to cause OpenOCD to send the target descriptions to gdb via qXfer:features:read packet.
+The default behaviour is @option{disable}.
+@end deffn
+
+@deffn {Command} gdb_save_tdesc
+Saves the target descripton file to the local file system.
+
+The file name is @i{target_name}.xml.
+@end deffn
+
@anchor{eventpolling}
@section Event Polling
@c chooses among list of bit configs ... only one option
@end deffn
+@deffn {Interface Driver} {cmsis-dap}
+CMSIS-DAP compliant based adapter.
+
+@deffn {Config Command} {cmsis_dap_vid_pid} [vid pid]+
+The vendor ID and product ID of the CMSIS-DAP device. If not specified
+known default values are used.
+Currently, up to eight [@var{vid}, @var{pid}] pairs may be given, e.g.
+@example
+cmsis_dap_vid_pid 0xc251 0xf001 0x0d28 0x0204
+@end example
+@end deffn
+
+@deffn {Command} {cmsis-dap info}
+Display various device information, like hardware version, firmware version, current bus status.
+@end deffn
+@end deffn
+
@deffn {Interface Driver} {dummy}
A dummy software-only driver for debugging.
@end deffn
The vendor ID and product ID of the device.
@end deffn
-@deffn {Config Command} {stlink_api} api_level
-Manually sets the stlink api used, valid options are 1 or 2. (@b{STLINK Only}).
+@deffn {Config Command} {trace} source_clock_hz [output_file_path]
+Enable SWO tracing (if supported). The source clock rate for the
+trace port must be specified, this is typically the CPU clock rate. If
+the optional output file is specified then raw trace data is appended
+to the file, and the file is created if it does not exist.
@end deffn
@end deffn
No arguments: print status.
@end deffn
+@deffn {Interface Driver} {bcm2835gpio}
+This SoC is present in Raspberry Pi which is a cheap single-board computer
+exposing some GPIOs on its expansion header.
+
+The driver accesses memory-mapped GPIO peripheral registers directly
+for maximum performance, but the only possible race condition is for
+the pins' modes/muxing (which is highly unlikely), so it should be
+able to coexist nicely with both sysfs bitbanging and various
+peripherals' kernel drivers. The driver restores the previous
+configuration on exit.
+
+See @file{interface/raspberrypi-native.cfg} for a sample config and
+pinout.
+
+@end deffn
+
@section Transport Configuration
@cindex Transport
As noted earlier, depending on the version of OpenOCD you use,
@deffn Command {transport select} transport_name
Select which of the supported transports to use in this OpenOCD session.
The transport must be supported by the debug adapter hardware and by the
-version of OPenOCD you are using (including the adapter's driver).
+version of OpenOCD you are using (including the adapter's driver).
No arguments: returns name of session's selected transport.
@end deffn
No parameters: displays current settings.
@end deffn
+@subsection CMSIS-DAP Transport
+@cindex CMSIS-DAP
+CMSIS-DAP is an ARM-specific transport that is used to connect to
+compilant debuggers.
+
@subsection SPI Transport
@cindex SPI
@cindex Serial Peripheral Interface
TAPs serve many roles, including:
@itemize @bullet
-@item @b{Debug Target} A CPU TAP can be used as a GDB debug target
-@item @b{Flash Programing} Some chips program the flash directly via JTAG.
+@item @b{Debug Target} A CPU TAP can be used as a GDB debug target.
+@item @b{Flash Programming} Some chips program the flash directly via JTAG.
Others do it indirectly, making a CPU do it.
@item @b{Program Download} Using the same CPU support GDB uses,
you can initialize a DRAM controller, download code to DRAM, and then
start running that code.
@item @b{Boundary Scan} Most chips support boundary scan, which
helps test for board assembly problems like solder bridges
-and missing connections
+and missing connections.
@end itemize
OpenOCD must know about the active TAPs on your board(s).
@cindex scan chain
TAPs are part of a hardware @dfn{scan chain},
-which is daisy chain of TAPs.
+which is a daisy chain of TAPs.
They also need to be added to
OpenOCD's software mirror of that hardware list,
giving each member a name and associating other data with it.
OpenOCD can detect some of that information, but not all
of it. @xref{autoprobing,,Autoprobing}.
-Unfortunately those TAPs can't always be autoconfigured,
+Unfortunately, those TAPs can't always be autoconfigured,
because not all devices provide good support for that.
JTAG doesn't require supporting IDCODE instructions, and
chips with JTAG routers may not link TAPs into the chain
Board configuration files combine all the targets on a board,
and so forth.
Note that @emph{the order in which TAPs are declared is very important.}
-It must match the order in the JTAG scan chain, both inside
-a single chip and between them.
+That declaration order must match the order in the JTAG scan chain,
+both inside a single chip and between them.
@xref{faqtaporder,,FAQ TAP Order}.
For example, the ST Microsystems STR912 chip has
jtag newtap str912 bs ... params ...
@end example
-Actual config files use a variable instead of literals like
-@option{str912}, to support more than one chip of each type.
-@xref{Config File Guidelines}.
+Actual config files typically use a variable such as @code{$_CHIPNAME}
+instead of literals like @option{str912}, to support more than one chip
+of each type. @xref{Config File Guidelines}.
@deffn Command {jtag names}
Returns the names of all current TAPs in the scan chain.
name rules: start with an alphabetic character, then numbers
and underscores are OK; while others (including dots!) are not.
-@quotation Tip
-In older code, JTAG TAPs were numbered from 0..N.
-This feature is still present.
-However its use is highly discouraged, and
-should not be relied on; it will be removed by mid-2010.
-Update all of your scripts to use TAP names rather than numbers,
-by paying attention to the runtime warnings they trigger.
-Using TAP numbers in target configuration scripts prevents
-reusing those scripts on boards with multiple targets.
-@end quotation
-
@section TAP Declaration Commands
@c shouldn't this be(come) a {Config Command}?
and should follow this convention:
@itemize @bullet
-@item @code{bs} -- For boundary scan if this is a seperate TAP;
+@item @code{bs} -- For boundary scan if this is a separate TAP;
@item @code{cpu} -- The main CPU of the chip, alternatively
@code{arm} and @code{dsp} on chips with both ARM and DSP CPUs,
-@code{arm1} and @code{arm2} on chips two ARMs, and so forth;
+@code{arm1} and @code{arm2} on chips with two ARMs, and so forth;
@item @code{etb} -- For an embedded trace buffer (example: an ARM ETB11);
@item @code{flash} -- If the chip has a flash TAP, like the str912;
-@item @code{jrc} -- For JTAG route controller (example: the ICEpick modules
+@item @code{jrc} -- For JTAG route controller (example: the ICEPick modules
on many Texas Instruments chips, like the OMAP3530 on Beagleboards);
-@item @code{tap} -- Should be used only FPGA or CPLD like devices
+@item @code{tap} -- Should be used only for FPGA- or CPLD-like devices
with a single TAP;
@item @code{unknownN} -- If you have no idea what the TAP is for (N is a number);
@item @emph{when in doubt} -- Use the chip maker's name in their data sheet.
-For example, the Freescale IMX31 has a SDMA (Smart DMA) with
+For example, the Freescale i.MX31 has a SDMA (Smart DMA) with
a JTAG TAP; that TAP should be named @code{sdma}.
@end itemize
@itemize @bullet
@item @code{-disable} (or @code{-enable})
@*Use the @code{-disable} parameter to flag a TAP which is not
-linked in to the scan chain after a reset using either TRST
+linked into the scan chain after a reset using either TRST
or the JTAG state machine's @sc{reset} state.
You may use @code{-enable} to highlight the default state
(the TAP is linked in).
@xref{enablinganddisablingtaps,,Enabling and Disabling TAPs}.
-@item @code{-expected-id} @var{number}
+@item @code{-expected-id} @var{NUMBER}
@*A non-zero @var{number} represents a 32-bit IDCODE
which you expect to find when the scan chain is examined.
These codes are not required by all JTAG devices.
JTAG requires the two LSBs of this value to be 01.
By default, @code{-ircapture} and @code{-irmask} are set
up to verify that two-bit value. You may provide
-additional bits, if you know them, or indicate that
+additional bits if you know them, or indicate that
a TAP doesn't conform to the JTAG specification.
@item @code{-irmask} @var{NUMBER}
@*A mask used with @code{-ircapture}
@section Other TAP commands
-@deffn Command {jtag cget} dotted.name @option{-event} name
-@deffnx Command {jtag configure} dotted.name @option{-event} name string
+@deffn Command {jtag cget} dotted.name @option{-event} event_name
+@deffnx Command {jtag configure} dotted.name @option{-event} event_name handler
At this writing this TAP attribute
mechanism is used only for event handling.
(It is not a direct analogue of the @code{cget}/@code{configure}
by issuing the relevant JTAG commands.
@end itemize
-If you need some action after each JTAG reset, which isn't actually
+If you need some action after each JTAG reset which isn't actually
specific to any TAP (since you can't yet trust the scan chain's
contents to be accurate), you might:
In some systems, a @dfn{JTAG Route Controller} (JRC)
is used to enable and/or disable specific JTAG TAPs.
-Many ARM based chips from Texas Instruments include
-an ``ICEpick'' module, which is a JRC.
+Many ARM-based chips from Texas Instruments include
+an ``ICEPick'' module, which is a JRC.
Such chips include DaVinci and OMAP3 processors.
A given TAP may not be visible until the JRC has been
@code{pxa26x} ... instruction register length is 5 bits
@item @code{pxa3xx} ... instruction register length is 11 bits
@end itemize
+@item @code{openrisc} -- this is an OpenRISC 1000 core.
+The current implementation supports three JTAG TAP cores:
+@itemize @minus
+@item @code{OpenCores TAP} (See: @emph{http://opencores.org/project,jtag})
+@item @code{Altera Virtual JTAG TAP} (See: @emph{http://www.altera.com/literature/ug/ug_virtualjtag.pdf})
+@item @code{Xilinx BSCAN_* virtual JTAG interface} (See: @emph{http://www.xilinx.com/support/documentation/sw_manuals/xilinx14_2/spartan6_hdl.pdf})
+@end itemize
+And two debug interfaces cores:
+@itemize @minus
+@item @code{Advanced debug interface} (See: @emph{http://opencores.org/project,adv_debug_sys})
+@item @code{SoC Debug Interface} (See: @emph{http://opencores.org/project,dbg_interface})
+@end itemize
@end itemize
@end deffn
The value should normally correspond to a static mapping for the
@code{-work-area-phys} address, set up by the current operating system.
+@anchor{rtostype}
@item @code{-rtos} @var{rtos_type} -- enable rtos support for target,
@var{rtos_type} can be one of @option{auto}|@option{eCos}|@option{ThreadX}|
-@option{FreeRTOS}|@option{linux}|@option{ChibiOS}.
+@option{FreeRTOS}|@option{linux}|@option{ChibiOS}|@option{embKernel}
+@xref{gdbrtossupport,,RTOS Support}.
@end itemize
@end deffn
The @var{num} parameter is a value shown by @command{flash banks}.
@end deffn
+@deffn Command {flash padded_value} num value
+Sets the default value used for padding any image sections, This should
+normally match the flash bank erased value. If not specified by this
+comamnd or the flash driver then it defaults to 0xff.
+@end deffn
+
@anchor{program}
@deffn Command {program} filename [verify] [reset] [offset]
This is a helper script that simplifies using OpenOCD as a standalone
@xref{targetevents,,Target Events}.
@end deffn
+@section OpenRISC Architecture
+
+The OpenRISC CPU is a soft core. It is used in a programmable SoC which can be
+configured with any of the TAP / Debug Unit available.
+
+@subsection TAP and Debug Unit selection commands
+@deffn Command {tap_select} (@option{vjtag}|@option{mohor}|@option{xilinx_bscan})
+Select between the Altera Virtual JTAG , Xilinx Virtual JTAG and Mohor TAP.
+@end deffn
+@deffn Command {du_select} (@option{adv}|@option{mohor}) [option]
+Select between the Advanced Debug Interface and the classic one.
+
+An option can be passed as a second argument to the debug unit.
+
+When using the Advanced Debug Interface, option = 1 means the RTL core is
+configured with ADBG_USE_HISPEED = 1. This configuration skips status checking
+between bytes while doing read or write bursts.
+@end deffn
+
+@subsection Registers commands
+@deffn Command {addreg} [name] [address] [feature] [reg_group]
+Add a new register in the cpu register list. This register will be
+included in the generated target descriptor file.
+
+@strong{[feature]} must be "org.gnu.gdb.or1k.group[0..10]".
+
+@strong{[reg_group]} can be anything. The default register list defines "system",
+ "dmmu", "immu", "dcache", "icache", "mac", "debug", "perf", "power", "pic"
+ and "timer" groups.
+
+@emph{example:}
+@example
+addreg rtest 0x1234 org.gnu.gdb.or1k.group0 system
+@end example
+
+
+@end deffn
+@deffn Command {readgroup} (@option{group})
+Display all registers in @emph{group}.
+
+@emph{group} can be "system",
+ "dmmu", "immu", "dcache", "icache", "mac", "debug", "perf", "power", "pic",
+ "timer" or any new group created with addreg command.
+@end deffn
+
@anchor{softwaredebugmessagesandtracing}
@section Software Debug Messages and Tracing
@cindex Linux-ARM DCC support
probably will not be usable with other XSVF tools.
+@node Utility Commands
+@chapter Utility Commands
+@cindex Utility Commands
+
+@section RAM testing
+@cindex RAM testing
+
+There is often a need to stress-test random access memory (RAM) for
+errors. OpenOCD comes with a Tcl implementation of well-known memory
+testing procedures allowing to detect all sorts of issues with
+electrical wiring, defective chips, PCB layout and other common
+hardware problems.
+
+To use them you usually need to initialise your RAM controller first,
+consult your SoC's documentation to get the recommended list of
+register operations and translate them to the corresponding
+@command{mww}/@command{mwb} commands.
+
+Load the memory testing functions with
+
+@example
+source [find tools/memtest.tcl]
+@end example
+
+to get access to the following facilities:
+
+@deffn Command {memTestDataBus} address
+Test the data bus wiring in a memory region by performing a walking
+1's test at a fixed address within that region.
+@end deffn
+
+@deffn Command {memTestAddressBus} baseaddress size
+Perform a walking 1's test on the relevant bits of the address and
+check for aliasing. This test will find single-bit address failures
+such as stuck-high, stuck-low, and shorted pins.
+@end deffn
+
+@deffn Command {memTestDevice} baseaddress size
+Test the integrity of a physical memory device by performing an
+increment/decrement test over the entire region. In the process every
+storage bit in the device is tested as zero and as one.
+@end deffn
+
+@deffn Command {runAllMemTests} baseaddress size
+Run all of the above tests over a specified memory region.
+@end deffn
+
+@section Firmware recovery helpers
+@cindex Firmware recovery
+
+OpenOCD includes an easy-to-use script to faciliate mass-market
+devices recovery with JTAG.
+
+For quickstart instructions run:
+@example
+openocd -f tools/firmware-recovery.tcl -c firmware_help
+@end example
+
@node TFTP
@chapter TFTP
@cindex TFTP
@end example
@end itemize
+@section RTOS Support
+@cindex RTOS Support
+@anchor{gdbrtossupport}
+
+OpenOCD includes RTOS support, this will however need enabling as it defaults to disabled.
+It can be enabled by passing @option{-rtos} arg to the target @xref{rtostype,,RTOS Type}.
+
+@* An example setup is below:
+
+@example
+$_TARGETNAME configure -rtos auto
+@end example
+
+This will attempt to auto detect the RTOS within your application.
+
+Currently supported rtos's include:
+@itemize @bullet
+@item @option{eCos}
+@item @option{ThreadX}
+@item @option{FreeRTOS}
+@item @option{linux}
+@item @option{ChibiOS}
+@item @option{embKernel}
+@end itemize
+
+@quotation Note
+Before an RTOS can be detected it must export certain symbols otherwise it cannot be used by
+OpenOCD. Below is a list of the required symbols for each supported RTOS.
+@end quotation
+
+@table @code
+@item eCos symbols
+Cyg_Thread::thread_list, Cyg_Scheduler_Base::current_thread.
+@item ThreadX symbols
+_tx_thread_current_ptr, _tx_thread_created_ptr, _tx_thread_created_count.
+@item FreeRTOS symbols
+pxCurrentTCB, pxReadyTasksLists, xDelayedTaskList1, xDelayedTaskList2,
+pxDelayedTaskList, pxOverflowDelayedTaskList, xPendingReadyList,
+xTasksWaitingTermination, xSuspendedTaskList, uxCurrentNumberOfTasks, uxTopUsedPriority.
+@item linux symbols
+init_task.
+@item ChibiOS symbols
+rlist, ch_debug, chSysInit.
+@item embKernel symbols
+Rtos::sCurrentTask, Rtos::sListReady, Rtos::sListSleep,
+Rtos::sListSuspended, Rtos::sMaxPriorities, Rtos::sCurrentTaskCount.
+@end table
+
+For most RTOS supported the above symbols will be exported by default. However for
+some, eg. FreeRTOS @option{xTasksWaitingTermination} is only exported
+if @option{INCLUDE_vTaskDelete} is defined during the build.
@node Tcl Scripting API
@chapter Tcl Scripting API
Code Review / openocd.git / blobdiff