Marcel Jost <marcel.jost@bfh.ch>:
[openocd.git] / src / jtag / ft2232.c
index 08edd269babe689ab20d13271a12eff06ef3e2f6..4cba9d908560453b472005d50d46c151619c4c9d 100644 (file)
@@ -5,6 +5,9 @@
 *   Copyright (C) 2008 by Spencer Oliver                                  *
 *   spen@spen-soft.co.uk                                                  *
 *                                                                         *
+*   Copyright (C) 2009 by SoftPLC Corporation.  http://softplc.com        *
+*      Dick Hollenbeck <dick@softplc.com>                                    *
+*                                                                         *
 *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify  *
 *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by  *
 *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or     *
@@ -26,6 +29,9 @@
  * found here:
  * http://www.ftdichip.com/Documents/AppNotes/AN2232C-01_MPSSE_Cmnd.pdf
  * Hereafter this is called the "MPSSE Spec".
+ *
+ * The datasheet for the ftdichip.com's FT2232D part is here:
+ * http://www.ftdichip.com/Documents/DataSheets/DS_FT2232D.pdf
  */
 
 
 #include "config.h"
 #endif
 
+/* project specific includes */
+#include "interface.h"
+#include "commands.h"
+#include "time_support.h"
+
 #if IS_CYGWIN == 1
-#include "windows.h"
+#include <windows.h>
 #endif
 
-/* project specific includes */
-#include "jtag.h"
-#include "time_support.h"
+#include <assert.h>
 
+#if (BUILD_FT2232_FTD2XX == 1 && BUILD_FT2232_LIBFTDI == 1)
+#error "BUILD_FT2232_FTD2XX && BUILD_FT2232_LIBFTDI are mutually exclusive"
+#elif (BUILD_FT2232_FTD2XX != 1 && BUILD_FT2232_LIBFTDI != 1)
+#error "BUILD_FT2232_FTD2XX || BUILD_FT2232_LIBFTDI must be chosen"
+#endif
 
 /* FT2232 access library includes */
 #if BUILD_FT2232_FTD2XX == 1
@@ -49,6 +63,9 @@
 #include <ftdi.h>
 #endif
 
+/* max TCK for the high speed devices 30000 kHz */
+#define        FTDI_2232H_4232H_MAX_TCK        30000
+
 static int ft2232_execute_queue(void);
 
 static int ft2232_speed(int speed);
@@ -66,26 +83,32 @@ static int ft2232_handle_latency_command(struct command_context_s* cmd_ctx, char
 
 
 /**
- * Function ft2232_stableclocks
- * will send out \a num_cycles on the TCK line while the TAP(s)
- * are in a stable state.  Calling code must ensure that current state is
- * stable, that verification is not done in here.
- * @param num_cycles is the count of clocks cycles to send.
- * @return int - ERROR_OK or ERROR_JTAG_QUEUE_FAILED
+ * Send out \a num_cycles on the TCK line while the TAP(s) are in a
+ * stable state.  Calling code must ensure that current state is stable,
+ * that verification is not done in here.
+ *
+ * @param num_cycles The number of clocks cycles to send.
+ * @param cmd The command to send.
+ *
+ * @returns ERROR_OK on success, or ERROR_JTAG_QUEUE_FAILED on failure.
  */
 static int ft2232_stableclocks(int num_cycles, jtag_command_t* cmd);
 
+/* max TCK for the high speed devices 30000 kHz */
+#define        FTDI_2232H_4232H_MAX_TCK        30000
+
+static char *       ft2232_device_desc_A = NULL;
+static char*        ft2232_device_desc = NULL;
+static char*        ft2232_serial  = NULL;
+static char*        ft2232_layout  = NULL;
+static uint8_t         ft2232_latency = 2;
+static unsigned                ft2232_max_tck = 6000;
 
-static char *        ft2232_device_desc_A = NULL;
-static char*         ft2232_device_desc = NULL;
-static char*         ft2232_serial  = NULL;
-static char*         ft2232_layout  = NULL;
-static unsigned char ft2232_latency = 2;
 
 #define MAX_USB_IDS 8
 /* vid = pid = 0 marks the end of the list */
-static u16 ft2232_vid[MAX_USB_IDS + 1] = { 0x0403, 0 };
-static u16 ft2232_pid[MAX_USB_IDS + 1] = { 0x6010, 0 };
+static uint16_t ft2232_vid[MAX_USB_IDS + 1] = { 0x0403, 0 };
+static uint16_t ft2232_pid[MAX_USB_IDS + 1] = { 0x6010, 0 };
 
 typedef struct ft2232_layout_s
 {
@@ -96,16 +119,17 @@ typedef struct ft2232_layout_s
 } ft2232_layout_t;
 
 /* init procedures for supported layouts */
-static int  usbjtag_init(void);
-static int  jtagkey_init(void);
-static int  olimex_jtag_init(void);
-static int  flyswatter_init(void);
-static int  turtle_init(void);
-static int  comstick_init(void);
-static int  stm32stick_init(void);
-static int  axm0432_jtag_init(void);
+static int usbjtag_init(void);
+static int jtagkey_init(void);
+static int olimex_jtag_init(void);
+static int flyswatter_init(void);
+static int turtle_init(void);
+static int comstick_init(void);
+static int stm32stick_init(void);
+static int axm0432_jtag_init(void);
 static int sheevaplug_init(void);
 static int icebear_jtag_init(void);
+static int cortino_jtag_init(void);
 
 /* reset procedures for supported layouts */
 static void usbjtag_reset(int trst, int srst);
@@ -124,7 +148,7 @@ static void olimex_jtag_blink(void);
 static void flyswatter_jtag_blink(void);
 static void turtle_jtag_blink(void);
 
-ft2232_layout_t            ft2232_layouts[] =
+static const ft2232_layout_t  ft2232_layouts[] =
 {
        { "usbjtag",              usbjtag_init,              usbjtag_reset,      NULL                    },
        { "jtagkey",              jtagkey_init,              jtagkey_reset,      NULL                    },
@@ -132,27 +156,30 @@ ft2232_layout_t            ft2232_layouts[] =
        { "oocdlink",             jtagkey_init,              jtagkey_reset,      NULL                    },
        { "signalyzer",           usbjtag_init,              usbjtag_reset,      NULL                    },
        { "evb_lm3s811",          usbjtag_init,              usbjtag_reset,      NULL                    },
+       { "luminary_icdi",        usbjtag_init,              usbjtag_reset,      NULL                    },
        { "olimex-jtag",          olimex_jtag_init,          olimex_jtag_reset,  olimex_jtag_blink       },
        { "flyswatter",           flyswatter_init,           flyswatter_reset,   flyswatter_jtag_blink   },
        { "turtelizer2",          turtle_init,               turtle_reset,       turtle_jtag_blink       },
        { "comstick",             comstick_init,             comstick_reset,     NULL                    },
        { "stm32stick",           stm32stick_init,           stm32stick_reset,   NULL                    },
        { "axm0432_jtag",         axm0432_jtag_init,         axm0432_jtag_reset, NULL                    },
-       {"sheevaplug",            sheevaplug_init,           sheevaplug_reset,   NULL                    },
+       { "sheevaplug",           sheevaplug_init,           sheevaplug_reset,   NULL                    },
        { "icebear",              icebear_jtag_init,         icebear_jtag_reset, NULL                    },
+       { "cortino",              cortino_jtag_init,         comstick_reset, NULL                        },
        { NULL,                   NULL,                      NULL,               NULL                    },
 };
 
-static u8                  nTRST, nTRSTnOE, nSRST, nSRSTnOE;
+static uint8_t                  nTRST, nTRSTnOE, nSRST, nSRSTnOE;
 
-static ft2232_layout_t*    layout;
-static u8                  low_output     = 0x0;
-static u8                  low_direction  = 0x0;
-static u8                  high_output    = 0x0;
-static u8                  high_direction = 0x0;
+static const ft2232_layout_t *layout;
+static uint8_t                  low_output     = 0x0;
+static uint8_t                  low_direction  = 0x0;
+static uint8_t                  high_output    = 0x0;
+static uint8_t                  high_direction = 0x0;
 
 #if BUILD_FT2232_FTD2XX == 1
-static FT_HANDLE           ftdih = NULL;
+static FT_HANDLE       ftdih = NULL;
+static FT_DEVICE       ftdi_device = 0;
 #elif BUILD_FT2232_LIBFTDI == 1
 static struct ftdi_context ftdic;
 #endif
@@ -161,33 +188,163 @@ static struct ftdi_context ftdic;
 static jtag_command_t* first_unsent;        /* next command that has to be sent */
 static int             require_send;
 
-static u8*             ft2232_buffer = NULL;
+
+/*     http://urjtag.wiki.sourceforge.net/Cable + FT2232 says:
+
+       "There is a significant difference between libftdi and libftd2xx. The latter
+       one allows to schedule up to 64*64 bytes of result data while libftdi fails
+       with more than 4*64. As a consequence, the FT2232 driver is forced to
+       perform around 16x more USB transactions for long command streams with TDO
+       capture when running with libftdi."
+
+       No idea how we get
+       #define FT2232_BUFFER_SIZE 131072
+       a comment would have been nice.
+*/
+
+#define FT2232_BUFFER_SIZE 131072
+
+static uint8_t*             ft2232_buffer = NULL;
 static int             ft2232_buffer_size  = 0;
 static int             ft2232_read_pointer = 0;
 static int             ft2232_expect_read  = 0;
 
-#define FT2232_BUFFER_SIZE 131072
-#define BUFFER_ADD         ft2232_buffer[ft2232_buffer_size++]
-#define BUFFER_READ        ft2232_buffer[ft2232_read_pointer++]
+/**
+ * Function buffer_write
+ * writes a byte into the byte buffer, "ft2232_buffer", which must be sent later.
+ * @param val is the byte to send.
+ */
+static inline void buffer_write(uint8_t val)
+{
+       assert(ft2232_buffer);
+       assert((unsigned) ft2232_buffer_size < (unsigned) FT2232_BUFFER_SIZE);
+       ft2232_buffer[ft2232_buffer_size++] = val;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Function buffer_read
+ * returns a byte from the byte buffer.
+ */
+static inline uint8_t buffer_read(void)
+{
+       assert(ft2232_buffer);
+       assert(ft2232_read_pointer < ft2232_buffer_size);
+       return ft2232_buffer[ft2232_read_pointer++];
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Clocks out \a bit_count bits on the TMS line, starting with the least
+ * significant bit of tms_bits and progressing to more significant bits.
+ * Rigorous state transition logging is done here via tap_set_state().
+ *
+ * @param mpsse_cmd One of the MPSSE TMS oriented commands such as
+ *     0x4b or 0x6b.  See the MPSSE spec referenced above for their
+ *     functionality. The MPSSE command "Clock Data to TMS/CS Pin (no Read)"
+ *     is often used for this, 0x4b.
+ *
+ * @param tms_bits Holds the sequence of bits to send.
+ * @param tms_count Tells how many bits in the sequence.
+ * @param tdi_bit A single bit to pass on to TDI before the first TCK
+ *     cycle and held static for the duration of TMS clocking.
+ *
+ * See the MPSSE spec referenced above.
+ */
+static void clock_tms(uint8_t mpsse_cmd, int tms_bits, int tms_count, bool tdi_bit)
+{
+       uint8_t tms_byte;
+       int     i;
+       int     tms_ndx;                                /* bit index into tms_byte */
+
+       assert(tms_count > 0);
+
+//     LOG_DEBUG("mpsse cmd=%02x, tms_bits = 0x%08x, bit_count=%d", mpsse_cmd, tms_bits, tms_count);
+
+       for (tms_byte = tms_ndx = i = 0;   i < tms_count;   ++i, tms_bits>>=1)
+       {
+               bool bit = tms_bits & 1;
+
+               if (bit)
+                       tms_byte |= (1 << tms_ndx);
+
+               /* always do state transitions in public view */
+               tap_set_state(tap_state_transition(tap_get_state(), bit));
+
+               /*      we wrote a bit to tms_byte just above, increment bit index.  if bit was zero
+                       also increment.
+               */
+               ++tms_ndx;
+
+               if (tms_ndx == 7  || i == tms_count-1)
+               {
+                       buffer_write(mpsse_cmd);
+                       buffer_write(tms_ndx - 1);
+
+                       /*      Bit 7 of the byte is passed on to TDI/DO before the first TCK/SK of
+                               TMS/CS and is held static for the duration of TMS/CS clocking.
+                       */
+                       buffer_write(tms_byte | (tdi_bit << 7));
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Function get_tms_buffer_requirements
+ * returns what clock_tms() will consume if called with
+ * same \a bit_count.
+ */
+static inline int get_tms_buffer_requirements(int bit_count)
+{
+       return ((bit_count + 6)/7) * 3;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Function move_to_state
+ * moves the TAP controller from the current state to a
+ * \a goal_state through a path given by tap_get_tms_path().  State transition
+ * logging is performed by delegation to clock_tms().
+ *
+ * @param goal_state is the destination state for the move.
+ */
+static void move_to_state(tap_state_t goal_state)
+{
+       tap_state_t     start_state = tap_get_state();
+
+       /*      goal_state is 1/2 of a tuple/pair of states which allow convenient
+               lookup of the required TMS pattern to move to this state from the
+               start state.
+       */
+
+       /* do the 2 lookups */
+       int tms_bits  = tap_get_tms_path(start_state, goal_state);
+       int tms_count = tap_get_tms_path_len(start_state, goal_state);
+
+       DEBUG_JTAG_IO("start=%s goal=%s", tap_state_name(start_state), tap_state_name(goal_state));
+
+       clock_tms(0x4b,  tms_bits, tms_count, 0);
+}
+
 
 jtag_interface_t ft2232_interface =
 {
-       .name               = "ft2232",
-       .execute_queue = ft2232_execute_queue,
-       .speed     = ft2232_speed,
-       .speed_div = ft2232_speed_div,
-       .khz                = ft2232_khz,
-       .register_commands  = ft2232_register_commands,
-       .init = ft2232_init,
-       .quit = ft2232_quit,
+       .name                   = "ft2232",
+       .execute_queue          = ft2232_execute_queue,
+       .speed                  = ft2232_speed,
+       .speed_div              = ft2232_speed_div,
+       .khz                    = ft2232_khz,
+       .register_commands      = ft2232_register_commands,
+       .init                   = ft2232_init,
+       .quit                   = ft2232_quit,
 };
 
-static int ft2232_write(u8* buf, int size, u32* bytes_written)
+static int ft2232_write(uint8_t* buf, int size, uint32_t* bytes_written)
 {
 #if BUILD_FT2232_FTD2XX == 1
        FT_STATUS status;
-       DWORD     dw_bytes_written;
-       if ( ( status = FT_Write(ftdih, buf, size, &dw_bytes_written) ) != FT_OK )
+       DWORD   dw_bytes_written;
+       if ((status = FT_Write(ftdih, buf, size, &dw_bytes_written)) != FT_OK)
        {
                *bytes_written = dw_bytes_written;
                LOG_ERROR("FT_Write returned: %lu", status);
@@ -200,10 +357,10 @@ static int ft2232_write(u8* buf, int size, u32* bytes_written)
        }
 #elif BUILD_FT2232_LIBFTDI == 1
        int retval;
-       if ( ( retval = ftdi_write_data(&ftdic, buf, size) ) < 0 )
+       if ((retval = ftdi_write_data(&ftdic, buf, size)) < 0)
        {
                *bytes_written = 0;
-               LOG_ERROR( "ftdi_write_data: %s", ftdi_get_error_string(&ftdic) );
+               LOG_ERROR("ftdi_write_data: %s", ftdi_get_error_string(&ftdic));
                return ERROR_JTAG_DEVICE_ERROR;
        }
        else
@@ -215,7 +372,7 @@ static int ft2232_write(u8* buf, int size, u32* bytes_written)
 }
 
 
-static int ft2232_read(u8* buf, u32 size, u32* bytes_read)
+static int ft2232_read(uint8_t* buf, uint32_t size, uint32_t* bytes_read)
 {
 #if BUILD_FT2232_FTD2XX == 1
        DWORD     dw_bytes_read;
@@ -223,10 +380,10 @@ static int ft2232_read(u8* buf, u32 size, u32* bytes_read)
        int       timeout = 5;
        *bytes_read = 0;
 
-       while ( (*bytes_read < size) && timeout-- )
+       while ((*bytes_read < size) && timeout--)
        {
-               if ( ( status = FT_Read(ftdih, buf + *bytes_read, size -
-                                         *bytes_read, &dw_bytes_read) ) != FT_OK )
+               if ((status = FT_Read(ftdih, buf + *bytes_read, size -
+                                         *bytes_read, &dw_bytes_read)) != FT_OK)
                {
                        *bytes_read = 0;
                        LOG_ERROR("FT_Read returned: %lu", status);
@@ -240,12 +397,12 @@ static int ft2232_read(u8* buf, u32 size, u32* bytes_read)
        int timeout = 100;
        *bytes_read = 0;
 
-       while ( (*bytes_read < size) && timeout-- )
+       while ((*bytes_read < size) && timeout--)
        {
-               if ( ( retval = ftdi_read_data(&ftdic, buf + *bytes_read, size - *bytes_read) ) < 0 )
+               if ((retval = ftdi_read_data(&ftdic, buf + *bytes_read, size - *bytes_read)) < 0)
                {
                        *bytes_read = 0;
-                       LOG_ERROR( "ftdi_read_data: %s", ftdi_get_error_string(&ftdic) );
+                       LOG_ERROR("ftdi_read_data: %s", ftdi_get_error_string(&ftdic));
                        return ERROR_JTAG_DEVICE_ERROR;
                }
                *bytes_read += retval;
@@ -255,26 +412,70 @@ static int ft2232_read(u8* buf, u32 size, u32* bytes_read)
 
        if (*bytes_read < size)
        {
-               LOG_ERROR("couldn't read the requested number of bytes from FT2232 device (%i < %i)", *bytes_read, size);
+               LOG_ERROR("couldn't read the requested number of bytes from FT2232 device (%i < %i)",
+                         (unsigned int)(*bytes_read),
+                         (unsigned int)size);
                return ERROR_JTAG_DEVICE_ERROR;
        }
 
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
+#ifdef BUILD_FTD2XX_HIGHSPEED
+static bool ft2232_device_is_highspeed(void)
+{
+       return (ftdi_device == FT_DEVICE_2232H) || (ftdi_device == FT_DEVICE_4232H);
+}
+
+static int ft2232_adaptive_clocking(int speed)
+{
+       bool use_adaptive_clocking = FALSE;
+       if (0 == speed)
+       {
+               if (ft2232_device_is_highspeed())
+                       use_adaptive_clocking = TRUE;
+               else
+               {
+                       LOG_ERROR("ft2232 device %lu does not support RTCK", ftdi_device);
+                       return ERROR_OK;
+               }
+       }
+
+       uint8_t  buf = use_adaptive_clocking ? 0x96 : 0x97;
+       LOG_DEBUG("%2.2x", buf);
+
+       uint32_t bytes_written;
+       int retval = ft2232_write(&buf, 1, &bytes_written);
+       if (ERROR_OK != retval || bytes_written != 1)
+       {
+               LOG_ERROR("unable to set adative clocking: %d", retval);
+               return retval;
+       }
+
+       return ERROR_OK;
+}
+#else
+static int ft2232_adaptive_clocking(int speed)
+{
+       // not implemented on low-speed devices
+       return speed ? ERROR_OK : -1234;
+}
+#endif
 
 static int ft2232_speed(int speed)
 {
-       u8  buf[3];
+       uint8_t  buf[3];
        int retval;
-       u32 bytes_written;
+       uint32_t bytes_written;
 
-       buf[0] = 0x86;                  /* command "set divisor" */
-       buf[1] = speed & 0xff;          /* valueL (0=6MHz, 1=3MHz, 2=2.0MHz, ...*/
+       ft2232_adaptive_clocking(speed);
+
+       buf[0] = 0x86;                  /* command "set divisor" */
+       buf[1] = speed & 0xff;          /* valueL (0 = 6MHz, 1 = 3MHz, 2 = 2.0MHz, ...*/
        buf[2] = (speed >> 8) & 0xff;   /* valueH */
 
        LOG_DEBUG("%2.2x %2.2x %2.2x", buf[0], buf[1], buf[2]);
-       if ( ( ( retval = ft2232_write(buf, 3, &bytes_written) ) != ERROR_OK ) || (bytes_written != 3) )
+       if (((retval = ft2232_write(buf, 3, &bytes_written)) != ERROR_OK) || (bytes_written != 3))
        {
                LOG_ERROR("couldn't set FT2232 TCK speed");
                return retval;
@@ -290,7 +491,7 @@ static int ft2232_speed_div(int speed, int* khz)
         * AN2232C-01 Command Processor for
         * MPSSE and MCU Host Bus. Chapter 3.8 */
 
-       *khz = 6000 / (1 + speed);
+       *khz = ft2232_max_tck / (1 + speed);
 
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
@@ -298,10 +499,17 @@ static int ft2232_speed_div(int speed, int* khz)
 
 static int ft2232_khz(int khz, int* jtag_speed)
 {
-       if (khz==0)
+       if (khz == 0)
        {
-               LOG_ERROR("RCLK not supported");
+#ifdef BUILD_FTD2XX_HIGHSPEED
+               *jtag_speed = 0;
+               return ERROR_OK;
+#else
+               LOG_DEBUG("RCLK not supported");
+               LOG_DEBUG("If you have a high-speed FTDI device, then "
+                       "OpenOCD may be built with --enable-ftd2xx-highspeed.");
                return ERROR_FAIL;
+#endif
        }
 
        /* Take a look in the FT2232 manual,
@@ -311,9 +519,9 @@ static int ft2232_khz(int khz, int* jtag_speed)
         * We will calc here with a multiplier
         * of 10 for better rounding later. */
 
-       /* Calc speed, (6000 / khz) - 1 */
+       /* Calc speed, (ft2232_max_tck / khz) - 1 */
        /* Use 65000 for better rounding */
-       *jtag_speed = (60000 / khz) - 10;
+       *jtag_speed = ((ft2232_max_tck*10) / khz) - 10;
 
        /* Add 0.9 for rounding */
        *jtag_speed += 9;
@@ -353,19 +561,18 @@ static int ft2232_register_commands(struct command_context_s* cmd_ctx)
 }
 
 
-void ft2232_end_state(tap_state_t state)
+static void ft2232_end_state(tap_state_t state)
 {
        if (tap_is_state_stable(state))
                tap_set_end_state(state);
        else
        {
-               LOG_ERROR("BUG: %i is not a valid end state", state);
+               LOG_ERROR("BUG: %s is not a stable end state", tap_state_name(state));
                exit(-1);
        }
 }
 
-
-static void ft2232_read_scan(enum scan_type type, u8* buffer, int scan_size)
+static void ft2232_read_scan(enum scan_type type, uint8_t* buffer, int scan_size)
 {
        int num_bytes = (scan_size + 7) / 8;
        int bits_left = scan_size;
@@ -373,19 +580,19 @@ static void ft2232_read_scan(enum scan_type type, u8* buffer, int scan_size)
 
        while (num_bytes-- > 1)
        {
-               buffer[cur_byte] = BUFFER_READ;
-               cur_byte++;
+               buffer[cur_byte++] = buffer_read();
                bits_left -= 8;
        }
 
        buffer[cur_byte] = 0x0;
 
+       /* There is one more partial byte left from the clock data in/out instructions */
        if (bits_left > 1)
        {
-               buffer[cur_byte] = BUFFER_READ >> 1;
+               buffer[cur_byte] = buffer_read() >> 1;
        }
-
-       buffer[cur_byte] = ( buffer[cur_byte] | ( (BUFFER_READ & 0x02) << 6 ) ) >> (8 - bits_left);
+       /* This shift depends on the length of the clock data to tms instruction, insterted at end of the scan, now fixed to a two step transition in ft2232_add_scan */
+       buffer[cur_byte] = (buffer[cur_byte] | (((buffer_read()) << 1) & 0x80)) >> (8 - bits_left);
 }
 
 
@@ -413,12 +620,12 @@ static void ft2232_debug_dump_buffer(void)
 static int ft2232_send_and_recv(jtag_command_t* first, jtag_command_t* last)
 {
        jtag_command_t* cmd;
-       u8*             buffer;
+       uint8_t*             buffer;
        int             scan_size;
        enum scan_type  type;
        int             retval;
-       u32             bytes_written=0;
-       u32             bytes_read=0;
+       uint32_t             bytes_written = 0;
+       uint32_t             bytes_read = 0;
 
 #ifdef _DEBUG_USB_IO_
        struct timeval  start, inter, inter2, end;
@@ -434,7 +641,7 @@ static int ft2232_send_and_recv(jtag_command_t* first, jtag_command_t* last)
        gettimeofday(&start, NULL);
 #endif
 
-       if ( ( retval = ft2232_write(ft2232_buffer, ft2232_buffer_size, &bytes_written) ) != ERROR_OK )
+       if ((retval = ft2232_write(ft2232_buffer, ft2232_buffer_size, &bytes_written)) != ERROR_OK)
        {
                LOG_ERROR("couldn't write MPSSE commands to FT2232");
                return retval;
@@ -453,7 +660,7 @@ static int ft2232_send_and_recv(jtag_command_t* first, jtag_command_t* last)
                gettimeofday(&inter2, NULL);
 #endif
 
-               if ( ( retval = ft2232_read(ft2232_buffer, ft2232_expect_read, &bytes_read) ) != ERROR_OK )
+               if ((retval = ft2232_read(ft2232_buffer, ft2232_expect_read, &bytes_read)) != ERROR_OK)
                {
                        LOG_ERROR("couldn't read from FT2232");
                        return retval;
@@ -529,77 +736,68 @@ static int ft2232_send_and_recv(jtag_command_t* first, jtag_command_t* last)
 }
 
 
-static void ft2232_add_pathmove(pathmove_command_t* cmd)
+/**
+ * Function ft2232_add_pathmove
+ * moves the TAP controller from the current state to a new state through the
+ * given path, where path is an array of tap_state_t's.
+ *
+ * @param path is an array of tap_stat_t which gives the states to traverse through
+ *   ending with the last state at path[num_states-1]
+ * @param num_states is the count of state steps to move through
+ */
+static void ft2232_add_pathmove(tap_state_t* path, int num_states)
 {
-       int num_states = cmd->num_states;
-       int state_count = 0;
-
-       while (num_states)
-       {
-               u8  tms_byte = 0;       /* zero this on each MPSSE batch */
+       int                     tms_bits = 0;
+       int                     state_ndx;
+       tap_state_t     walker = tap_get_state();
 
-               int bit_count = 0;
+       assert((unsigned) num_states <= 32u);           /* tms_bits only holds 32 bits */
 
-               int num_states_batch = num_states > 7 ? 7 : num_states;
-
-               /* command "Clock Data to TMS/CS Pin (no Read)" */
-               BUFFER_ADD = 0x4b;
-
-               /* number of states remaining */
-               BUFFER_ADD = num_states_batch - 1;
+       /* this loop verifies that the path is legal and logs each state in the path */
+       for (state_ndx = 0; state_ndx < num_states;  ++state_ndx)
+       {
+               tap_state_t     desired_next_state = path[state_ndx];
 
-               while (num_states_batch--)
+               if (tap_state_transition(walker, false) == desired_next_state)
+                       ;       /* bit within tms_bits at index state_ndx is already zero */
+               else if (tap_state_transition(walker, true) == desired_next_state)
+                       tms_bits |= (1 << state_ndx);
+               else
                {
-                       if (tap_state_transition(tap_get_state(), false) == cmd->path[state_count])
-                               buf_set_u32(&tms_byte, bit_count++, 1, 0x0);
-                       else if (tap_state_transition(tap_get_state(), true) == cmd->path[state_count])
-                               buf_set_u32(&tms_byte, bit_count++, 1, 0x1);
-                       else
-                       {
-                               LOG_ERROR( "BUG: %s -> %s isn't a valid TAP transition", tap_state_name(
-                                                                tap_get_state() ), tap_state_name(cmd->path[state_count]) );
-                               exit(-1);
-                       }
-
-                       tap_set_state(cmd->path[state_count]);
-                       state_count++;
-                       num_states--;
+                       LOG_ERROR("BUG: %s -> %s isn't a valid TAP transition",
+                                       tap_state_name(walker), tap_state_name(desired_next_state));
+                       exit(-1);
                }
 
-               BUFFER_ADD = tms_byte;
+               walker = desired_next_state;
        }
-       
+
+       clock_tms(0x4b,  tms_bits, num_states, 0);
+
        tap_set_end_state(tap_get_state());
 }
 
 
-void ft2232_add_scan(int ir_scan, enum scan_type type, u8* buffer, int scan_size)
+static void ft2232_add_scan(bool ir_scan, enum scan_type type, uint8_t* buffer, int scan_size)
 {
        int num_bytes = (scan_size + 7) / 8;
        int bits_left = scan_size;
        int cur_byte  = 0;
        int last_bit;
 
-       if ( !( ( !ir_scan && (tap_get_state() == TAP_DRSHIFT) )
-          || (    ir_scan && (tap_get_state() == TAP_IRSHIFT) ) ) )
+       if (!ir_scan)
        {
-               /* command "Clock Data to TMS/CS Pin (no Read)" */
-               BUFFER_ADD = 0x4b;
-
-               BUFFER_ADD = 0x6;       /* scan 7 bits */
-
-               /* TMS data bits */
-               if (ir_scan)
+               if (tap_get_state() != TAP_DRSHIFT)
                {
-                       BUFFER_ADD = tap_get_tms_path(tap_get_state(), TAP_IRSHIFT);
-                       tap_set_state(TAP_IRSHIFT);
+                       move_to_state(TAP_DRSHIFT);
                }
-               else
+       }
+       else
+       {
+               if (tap_get_state() != TAP_IRSHIFT)
                {
-                       BUFFER_ADD = tap_get_tms_path(tap_get_state(), TAP_DRSHIFT);
-                       tap_set_state(TAP_DRSHIFT);
+                       move_to_state(TAP_IRSHIFT);
                }
-               /* LOG_DEBUG("added TMS scan (no read)"); */
        }
 
        /* add command for complete bytes */
@@ -609,34 +807,34 @@ void ft2232_add_scan(int ir_scan, enum scan_type type, u8* buffer, int scan_size
                if (type == SCAN_IO)
                {
                        /* Clock Data Bytes In and Out LSB First */
-                       BUFFER_ADD = 0x39;
+                       buffer_write(0x39);
                        /* LOG_DEBUG("added TDI bytes (io %i)", num_bytes); */
                }
                else if (type == SCAN_OUT)
                {
                        /* Clock Data Bytes Out on -ve Clock Edge LSB First (no Read) */
-                       BUFFER_ADD = 0x19;
+                       buffer_write(0x19);
                        /* LOG_DEBUG("added TDI bytes (o)"); */
                }
                else if (type == SCAN_IN)
                {
                        /* Clock Data Bytes In on +ve Clock Edge LSB First (no Write) */
-                       BUFFER_ADD = 0x28;
+                       buffer_write(0x28);
                        /* LOG_DEBUG("added TDI bytes (i %i)", num_bytes); */
                }
 
                thisrun_bytes = (num_bytes > 65537) ? 65536 : (num_bytes - 1);
                num_bytes    -= thisrun_bytes;
-               BUFFER_ADD    = (thisrun_bytes - 1) & 0xff;
-               BUFFER_ADD    = ( (thisrun_bytes - 1) >> 8 ) & 0xff;
+
+               buffer_write((uint8_t) (thisrun_bytes - 1));
+               buffer_write((uint8_t) ((thisrun_bytes - 1) >> 8));
 
                if (type != SCAN_IN)
                {
                        /* add complete bytes */
                        while (thisrun_bytes-- > 0)
                        {
-                               BUFFER_ADD = buffer[cur_byte];
-                               cur_byte++;
+                               buffer_write(buffer[cur_byte++]);
                                bits_left -= 8;
                        }
                }
@@ -648,7 +846,7 @@ void ft2232_add_scan(int ir_scan, enum scan_type type, u8* buffer, int scan_size
 
        /* the most signifcant bit is scanned during TAP movement */
        if (type != SCAN_IN)
-               last_bit = ( buffer[cur_byte] >> (bits_left - 1) ) & 0x1;
+               last_bit = (buffer[cur_byte] >> (bits_left - 1)) & 0x1;
        else
                last_bit = 0;
 
@@ -658,83 +856,97 @@ void ft2232_add_scan(int ir_scan, enum scan_type type, u8* buffer, int scan_size
                if (type == SCAN_IO)
                {
                        /* Clock Data Bits In and Out LSB First */
-                       BUFFER_ADD = 0x3b;
+                       buffer_write(0x3b);
                        /* LOG_DEBUG("added TDI bits (io) %i", bits_left - 1); */
                }
                else if (type == SCAN_OUT)
                {
                        /* Clock Data Bits Out on -ve Clock Edge LSB First (no Read) */
-                       BUFFER_ADD = 0x1b;
+                       buffer_write(0x1b);
                        /* LOG_DEBUG("added TDI bits (o)"); */
                }
                else if (type == SCAN_IN)
                {
                        /* Clock Data Bits In on +ve Clock Edge LSB First (no Write) */
-                       BUFFER_ADD = 0x2a;
+                       buffer_write(0x2a);
                        /* LOG_DEBUG("added TDI bits (i %i)", bits_left - 1); */
                }
-               BUFFER_ADD = bits_left - 2;
+
+               buffer_write(bits_left - 2);
                if (type != SCAN_IN)
-                       BUFFER_ADD = buffer[cur_byte];
+                       buffer_write(buffer[cur_byte]);
        }
 
-       if ( (  ir_scan && (tap_get_end_state() == TAP_IRSHIFT) )
-         || ( !ir_scan && (tap_get_end_state() == TAP_DRSHIFT) ) )
+       if ((ir_scan && (tap_get_end_state() == TAP_IRSHIFT))
+         || (!ir_scan && (tap_get_end_state() == TAP_DRSHIFT)))
        {
                if (type == SCAN_IO)
                {
                        /* Clock Data Bits In and Out LSB First */
-                       BUFFER_ADD = 0x3b;
+                       buffer_write(0x3b);
                        /* LOG_DEBUG("added TDI bits (io) %i", bits_left - 1); */
                }
                else if (type == SCAN_OUT)
                {
                        /* Clock Data Bits Out on -ve Clock Edge LSB First (no Read) */
-                       BUFFER_ADD = 0x1b;
+                       buffer_write(0x1b);
                        /* LOG_DEBUG("added TDI bits (o)"); */
                }
                else if (type == SCAN_IN)
                {
                        /* Clock Data Bits In on +ve Clock Edge LSB First (no Write) */
-                       BUFFER_ADD = 0x2a;
+                       buffer_write(0x2a);
                        /* LOG_DEBUG("added TDI bits (i %i)", bits_left - 1); */
                }
-               BUFFER_ADD = 0x0;
-               BUFFER_ADD = last_bit;
+               buffer_write(0x0);
+               buffer_write(last_bit);
        }
        else
        {
+               int tms_bits;
+               int tms_count;
+               uint8_t mpsse_cmd;
+
                /* move from Shift-IR/DR to end state */
                if (type != SCAN_OUT)
                {
+                       /* We always go to the PAUSE state in two step at the end of an IN or IO scan */
+                       /* This must be coordinated with the bit shifts in ft2232_read_scan    */
+                       tms_bits  = 0x01;
+                       tms_count = 2;
                        /* Clock Data to TMS/CS Pin with Read */
-                       BUFFER_ADD = 0x6b;
+                       mpsse_cmd = 0x6b;
                        /* LOG_DEBUG("added TMS scan (read)"); */
                }
                else
                {
+                       tms_bits  = tap_get_tms_path(tap_get_state(), tap_get_end_state());
+                       tms_count = tap_get_tms_path_len(tap_get_state(), tap_get_end_state());
                        /* Clock Data to TMS/CS Pin (no Read) */
-                       BUFFER_ADD = 0x4b;
+                       mpsse_cmd = 0x4b;
                        /* LOG_DEBUG("added TMS scan (no read)"); */
                }
-               BUFFER_ADD = 0x6;   /* scan 7 bits */
 
-               BUFFER_ADD = tap_get_tms_path( tap_get_state(), tap_get_end_state() ) | (last_bit << 7);
-               tap_set_state( tap_get_end_state() );
+               clock_tms(mpsse_cmd, tms_bits, tms_count, last_bit);
+       }
+
+       if (tap_get_state() != tap_get_end_state())
+       {
+               move_to_state(tap_get_end_state());
        }
 }
 
 
-static int ft2232_large_scan(scan_command_t* cmd, enum scan_type type, u8* buffer, int scan_size)
+static int ft2232_large_scan(scan_command_t* cmd, enum scan_type type, uint8_t* buffer, int scan_size)
 {
        int num_bytes = (scan_size + 7) / 8;
        int bits_left = scan_size;
        int cur_byte  = 0;
        int last_bit;
-       u8* receive_buffer  = malloc( CEIL(scan_size, 8) );
-       u8* receive_pointer = receive_buffer;
-       u32 bytes_written;
-       u32 bytes_read;
+       uint8_t* receive_buffer  = malloc(CEIL(scan_size, 8));
+       uint8_t* receive_pointer = receive_buffer;
+       uint32_t bytes_written;
+       uint32_t bytes_read;
        int retval;
        int thisrun_read = 0;
 
@@ -746,22 +958,16 @@ static int ft2232_large_scan(scan_command_t* cmd, enum scan_type type, u8* buffe
 
        if (tap_get_state() != TAP_DRSHIFT)
        {
-               /* command "Clock Data to TMS/CS Pin (no Read)" */
-               BUFFER_ADD = 0x4b;
-
-               BUFFER_ADD = 0x6;       /* scan 7 bits */
-
-               /* TMS data bits */
-               BUFFER_ADD = tap_get_tms_path(tap_get_state(), TAP_DRSHIFT);
-               tap_set_state(TAP_DRSHIFT);
+               move_to_state(TAP_DRSHIFT);
        }
 
-       if ( ( retval = ft2232_write(ft2232_buffer, ft2232_buffer_size, &bytes_written) ) != ERROR_OK )
+       if ((retval = ft2232_write(ft2232_buffer, ft2232_buffer_size, &bytes_written)) != ERROR_OK)
        {
                LOG_ERROR("couldn't write MPSSE commands to FT2232");
                exit(-1);
        }
-       LOG_DEBUG("ft2232_buffer_size: %i, bytes_written: %i", ft2232_buffer_size, bytes_written);
+       LOG_DEBUG("ft2232_buffer_size: %i, bytes_written: %i",
+                 ft2232_buffer_size, (int)bytes_written);
        ft2232_buffer_size = 0;
 
        /* add command for complete bytes */
@@ -772,34 +978,34 @@ static int ft2232_large_scan(scan_command_t* cmd, enum scan_type type, u8* buffe
                if (type == SCAN_IO)
                {
                        /* Clock Data Bytes In and Out LSB First */
-                       BUFFER_ADD = 0x39;
+                       buffer_write(0x39);
                        /* LOG_DEBUG("added TDI bytes (io %i)", num_bytes); */
                }
                else if (type == SCAN_OUT)
                {
                        /* Clock Data Bytes Out on -ve Clock Edge LSB First (no Read) */
-                       BUFFER_ADD = 0x19;
+                       buffer_write(0x19);
                        /* LOG_DEBUG("added TDI bytes (o)"); */
                }
                else if (type == SCAN_IN)
                {
                        /* Clock Data Bytes In on +ve Clock Edge LSB First (no Write) */
-                       BUFFER_ADD = 0x28;
+                       buffer_write(0x28);
                        /* LOG_DEBUG("added TDI bytes (i %i)", num_bytes); */
                }
 
                thisrun_bytes = (num_bytes > 65537) ? 65536 : (num_bytes - 1);
                thisrun_read  = thisrun_bytes;
                num_bytes    -= thisrun_bytes;
-               BUFFER_ADD    = (thisrun_bytes - 1) & 0xff;
-               BUFFER_ADD    = ( (thisrun_bytes - 1) >> 8 ) & 0xff;
+               buffer_write((uint8_t) (thisrun_bytes - 1));
+               buffer_write((uint8_t) ((thisrun_bytes - 1) >> 8));
 
                if (type != SCAN_IN)
                {
                        /* add complete bytes */
                        while (thisrun_bytes-- > 0)
                        {
-                               BUFFER_ADD = buffer[cur_byte];
+                               buffer_write(buffer[cur_byte]);
                                cur_byte++;
                                bits_left -= 8;
                        }
@@ -809,22 +1015,26 @@ static int ft2232_large_scan(scan_command_t* cmd, enum scan_type type, u8* buffe
                        bits_left -= 8 * (thisrun_bytes);
                }
 
-               if ( ( retval = ft2232_write(ft2232_buffer, ft2232_buffer_size, &bytes_written) ) != ERROR_OK )
+               if ((retval = ft2232_write(ft2232_buffer, ft2232_buffer_size, &bytes_written)) != ERROR_OK)
                {
                        LOG_ERROR("couldn't write MPSSE commands to FT2232");
                        exit(-1);
                }
-               LOG_DEBUG("ft2232_buffer_size: %i, bytes_written: %i", ft2232_buffer_size, bytes_written);
+               LOG_DEBUG("ft2232_buffer_size: %i, bytes_written: %i",
+                         ft2232_buffer_size,
+                         (int)bytes_written);
                ft2232_buffer_size = 0;
 
                if (type != SCAN_OUT)
                {
-                       if ( ( retval = ft2232_read(receive_pointer, thisrun_read, &bytes_read) ) != ERROR_OK )
+                       if ((retval = ft2232_read(receive_pointer, thisrun_read, &bytes_read)) != ERROR_OK)
                        {
                                LOG_ERROR("couldn't read from FT2232");
                                exit(-1);
                        }
-                       LOG_DEBUG("thisrun_read: %i, bytes_read: %i", thisrun_read, bytes_read);
+                       LOG_DEBUG("thisrun_read: %i, bytes_read: %i",
+                                 thisrun_read,
+                                 (int)bytes_read);
                        receive_pointer += bytes_read;
                }
        }
@@ -833,7 +1043,7 @@ static int ft2232_large_scan(scan_command_t* cmd, enum scan_type type, u8* buffe
 
        /* the most signifcant bit is scanned during TAP movement */
        if (type != SCAN_IN)
-               last_bit = ( buffer[cur_byte] >> (bits_left - 1) ) & 0x1;
+               last_bit = (buffer[cur_byte] >> (bits_left - 1)) & 0x1;
        else
                last_bit = 0;
 
@@ -843,24 +1053,24 @@ static int ft2232_large_scan(scan_command_t* cmd, enum scan_type type, u8* buffe
                if (type == SCAN_IO)
                {
                        /* Clock Data Bits In and Out LSB First */
-                       BUFFER_ADD = 0x3b;
+                       buffer_write(0x3b);
                        /* LOG_DEBUG("added TDI bits (io) %i", bits_left - 1); */
                }
                else if (type == SCAN_OUT)
                {
                        /* Clock Data Bits Out on -ve Clock Edge LSB First (no Read) */
-                       BUFFER_ADD = 0x1b;
+                       buffer_write(0x1b);
                        /* LOG_DEBUG("added TDI bits (o)"); */
                }
                else if (type == SCAN_IN)
                {
                        /* Clock Data Bits In on +ve Clock Edge LSB First (no Write) */
-                       BUFFER_ADD = 0x2a;
+                       buffer_write(0x2a);
                        /* LOG_DEBUG("added TDI bits (i %i)", bits_left - 1); */
                }
-               BUFFER_ADD = bits_left - 2;
+               buffer_write(bits_left - 2);
                if (type != SCAN_IN)
-                       BUFFER_ADD = buffer[cur_byte];
+                       buffer_write(buffer[cur_byte]);
 
                if (type != SCAN_OUT)
                        thisrun_read += 2;
@@ -871,63 +1081,70 @@ static int ft2232_large_scan(scan_command_t* cmd, enum scan_type type, u8* buffe
                if (type == SCAN_IO)
                {
                        /* Clock Data Bits In and Out LSB First */
-                       BUFFER_ADD = 0x3b;
+                       buffer_write(0x3b);
                        /* LOG_DEBUG("added TDI bits (io) %i", bits_left - 1); */
                }
                else if (type == SCAN_OUT)
                {
                        /* Clock Data Bits Out on -ve Clock Edge LSB First (no Read) */
-                       BUFFER_ADD = 0x1b;
+                       buffer_write(0x1b);
                        /* LOG_DEBUG("added TDI bits (o)"); */
                }
                else if (type == SCAN_IN)
                {
                        /* Clock Data Bits In on +ve Clock Edge LSB First (no Write) */
-                       BUFFER_ADD = 0x2a;
+                       buffer_write(0x2a);
                        /* LOG_DEBUG("added TDI bits (i %i)", bits_left - 1); */
                }
-               BUFFER_ADD = 0x0;
-               BUFFER_ADD = last_bit;
+               buffer_write(0x0);
+               buffer_write(last_bit);
        }
        else
        {
+               int tms_bits  = tap_get_tms_path(tap_get_state(), tap_get_end_state());
+               int tms_count = tap_get_tms_path_len(tap_get_state(), tap_get_end_state());
+               uint8_t mpsse_cmd;
+
                /* move from Shift-IR/DR to end state */
                if (type != SCAN_OUT)
                {
                        /* Clock Data to TMS/CS Pin with Read */
-                       BUFFER_ADD = 0x6b;
+                       mpsse_cmd = 0x6b;
                        /* LOG_DEBUG("added TMS scan (read)"); */
                }
                else
                {
                        /* Clock Data to TMS/CS Pin (no Read) */
-                       BUFFER_ADD = 0x4b;
+                       mpsse_cmd = 0x4b;
                        /* LOG_DEBUG("added TMS scan (no read)"); */
                }
-               BUFFER_ADD = 0x6;
-               BUFFER_ADD = tap_get_tms_path( tap_get_state(), tap_get_end_state() ) | (last_bit << 7);
-               tap_set_state( tap_get_end_state() );
+
+               clock_tms(mpsse_cmd, tms_bits, tms_count, last_bit);
        }
 
        if (type != SCAN_OUT)
                thisrun_read += 1;
 
-       if ( ( retval = ft2232_write(ft2232_buffer, ft2232_buffer_size, &bytes_written) ) != ERROR_OK )
+       if ((retval = ft2232_write(ft2232_buffer, ft2232_buffer_size, &bytes_written)) != ERROR_OK)
        {
                LOG_ERROR("couldn't write MPSSE commands to FT2232");
                exit(-1);
        }
-       LOG_DEBUG("ft2232_buffer_size: %i, bytes_written: %i", ft2232_buffer_size, bytes_written);
+       LOG_DEBUG("ft2232_buffer_size: %i, bytes_written: %i",
+                 ft2232_buffer_size,
+                 (int)bytes_written);
        ft2232_buffer_size = 0;
 
        if (type != SCAN_OUT)
        {
-               if ( ( retval = ft2232_read(receive_pointer, thisrun_read, &bytes_read) ) != ERROR_OK )
+               if ((retval = ft2232_read(receive_pointer, thisrun_read, &bytes_read)) != ERROR_OK)
                {
                        LOG_ERROR("couldn't read from FT2232");
                        exit(-1);
                }
-               LOG_DEBUG("thisrun_read: %i, bytes_read: %i", thisrun_read, bytes_read);
+               LOG_DEBUG("thisrun_read: %i, bytes_read: %i",
+                         thisrun_read,
+                         (int)bytes_read);
                receive_pointer += bytes_read;
        }
 
@@ -941,21 +1158,23 @@ static int ft2232_predict_scan_out(int scan_size, enum scan_type type)
        int num_bytes = (scan_size - 1) / 8;
 
        if (tap_get_state() != TAP_DRSHIFT)
-               predicted_size += 3;
+               predicted_size += get_tms_buffer_requirements(tap_get_tms_path_len(tap_get_state(), TAP_DRSHIFT));
 
        if (type == SCAN_IN)    /* only from device to host */
        {
                /* complete bytes */
                predicted_size += CEIL(num_bytes, 65536) * 3;
+
                /* remaining bits - 1 (up to 7) */
-               predicted_size += ( (scan_size - 1) % 8 ) ? 2 : 0;
+               predicted_size += ((scan_size - 1) % 8) ? 2 : 0;
        }
        else                    /* host to device, or bidirectional */
        {
                /* complete bytes */
                predicted_size += num_bytes + CEIL(num_bytes, 65536) * 3;
+
                /* remaining bits -1 (up to 7) */
-               predicted_size += ( (scan_size - 1) % 8 ) ? 3 : 0;
+               predicted_size += ((scan_size - 1) % 8) ? 3 : 0;
        }
 
        return predicted_size;
@@ -972,7 +1191,7 @@ static int ft2232_predict_scan_in(int scan_size, enum scan_type type)
                predicted_size += (CEIL(scan_size, 8) > 1) ? (CEIL(scan_size, 8) - 1) : 0;
 
                /* remaining bits - 1 */
-               predicted_size += ( (scan_size - 1) % 8 ) ? 1 : 0;
+               predicted_size += ((scan_size - 1) % 8) ? 1 : 0;
 
                /* last bit (from TMS scan) */
                predicted_size += 1;
@@ -986,6 +1205,7 @@ static int ft2232_predict_scan_in(int scan_size, enum scan_type type)
 
 static void usbjtag_reset(int trst, int srst)
 {
+       enum reset_types jtag_reset_config = jtag_get_reset_config();
        if (trst == 1)
        {
                if (jtag_reset_config & RESET_TRST_OPEN_DRAIN)
@@ -1017,14 +1237,15 @@ static void usbjtag_reset(int trst, int srst)
        }
 
        /* command "set data bits low byte" */
-       BUFFER_ADD = 0x80;
-       BUFFER_ADD = low_output;
-       BUFFER_ADD = low_direction;
+       buffer_write(0x80);
+       buffer_write(low_output);
+       buffer_write(low_direction);
 }
 
 
 static void jtagkey_reset(int trst, int srst)
 {
+       enum reset_types jtag_reset_config = jtag_get_reset_config();
        if (trst == 1)
        {
                if (jtag_reset_config & RESET_TRST_OPEN_DRAIN)
@@ -1056,9 +1277,9 @@ static void jtagkey_reset(int trst, int srst)
        }
 
        /* command "set data bits high byte" */
-       BUFFER_ADD = 0x82;
-       BUFFER_ADD = high_output;
-       BUFFER_ADD = high_direction;
+       buffer_write(0x82);
+       buffer_write(high_output);
+       buffer_write(high_direction);
        LOG_DEBUG("trst: %i, srst: %i, high_output: 0x%2.2x, high_direction: 0x%2.2x", trst, srst, high_output,
                        high_direction);
 }
@@ -1066,6 +1287,7 @@ static void jtagkey_reset(int trst, int srst)
 
 static void olimex_jtag_reset(int trst, int srst)
 {
+       enum reset_types jtag_reset_config = jtag_get_reset_config();
        if (trst == 1)
        {
                if (jtag_reset_config & RESET_TRST_OPEN_DRAIN)
@@ -1091,9 +1313,9 @@ static void olimex_jtag_reset(int trst, int srst)
        }
 
        /* command "set data bits high byte" */
-       BUFFER_ADD = 0x82;
-       BUFFER_ADD = high_output;
-       BUFFER_ADD = high_direction;
+       buffer_write(0x82);
+       buffer_write(high_output);
+       buffer_write(high_direction);
        LOG_DEBUG("trst: %i, srst: %i, high_output: 0x%2.2x, high_direction: 0x%2.2x", trst, srst, high_output,
                        high_direction);
 }
@@ -1121,9 +1343,9 @@ static void axm0432_jtag_reset(int trst, int srst)
        }
 
        /* command "set data bits low byte" */
-       BUFFER_ADD = 0x82;
-       BUFFER_ADD = high_output;
-       BUFFER_ADD = high_direction;
+       buffer_write(0x82);
+       buffer_write(high_output);
+       buffer_write(high_direction);
        LOG_DEBUG("trst: %i, srst: %i, high_output: 0x%2.2x, high_direction: 0x%2.2x", trst, srst, high_output,
                        high_direction);
 }
@@ -1150,9 +1372,9 @@ static void flyswatter_reset(int trst, int srst)
        }
 
        /* command "set data bits low byte" */
-       BUFFER_ADD = 0x80;
-       BUFFER_ADD = low_output;
-       BUFFER_ADD = low_direction;
+       buffer_write(0x80);
+       buffer_write(low_output);
+       buffer_write(low_direction);
        LOG_DEBUG("trst: %i, srst: %i, low_output: 0x%2.2x, low_direction: 0x%2.2x", trst, srst, low_output, low_direction);
 }
 
@@ -1171,9 +1393,9 @@ static void turtle_reset(int trst, int srst)
        }
 
        /* command "set data bits low byte" */
-       BUFFER_ADD = 0x80;
-       BUFFER_ADD = low_output;
-       BUFFER_ADD = low_direction;
+       buffer_write(0x80);
+       buffer_write(low_output);
+       buffer_write(low_direction);
        LOG_DEBUG("srst: %i, low_output: 0x%2.2x, low_direction: 0x%2.2x", srst, low_output, low_direction);
 }
 
@@ -1199,9 +1421,9 @@ static void comstick_reset(int trst, int srst)
        }
 
        /* command "set data bits high byte" */
-       BUFFER_ADD = 0x82;
-       BUFFER_ADD = high_output;
-       BUFFER_ADD = high_direction;
+       buffer_write(0x82);
+       buffer_write(high_output);
+       buffer_write(high_direction);
        LOG_DEBUG("trst: %i, srst: %i, high_output: 0x%2.2x, high_direction: 0x%2.2x", trst, srst, high_output,
                        high_direction);
 }
@@ -1228,14 +1450,14 @@ static void stm32stick_reset(int trst, int srst)
        }
 
        /* command "set data bits low byte" */
-       BUFFER_ADD = 0x80;
-       BUFFER_ADD = low_output;
-       BUFFER_ADD = low_direction;
+       buffer_write(0x80);
+       buffer_write(low_output);
+       buffer_write(low_direction);
 
        /* command "set data bits high byte" */
-       BUFFER_ADD = 0x82;
-       BUFFER_ADD = high_output;
-       BUFFER_ADD = high_direction;
+       buffer_write(0x82);
+       buffer_write(high_output);
+       buffer_write(high_direction);
        LOG_DEBUG("trst: %i, srst: %i, high_output: 0x%2.2x, high_direction: 0x%2.2x", trst, srst, high_output,
                        high_direction);
 }
@@ -1255,26 +1477,12 @@ static void sheevaplug_reset(int trst, int srst)
                high_output |= nSRSTnOE;
 
        /* command "set data bits high byte" */
-       BUFFER_ADD = 0x82;
-       BUFFER_ADD = high_output;
-       BUFFER_ADD = high_direction;
+       buffer_write(0x82);
+       buffer_write(high_output);
+       buffer_write(high_direction);
        LOG_DEBUG("trst: %i, srst: %i, high_output: 0x%2.2x, high_direction: 0x%2.2x", trst, srst, high_output, high_direction);
 }
 
-static int ft2232_execute_end_state(jtag_command_t *cmd)
-{
-       int  retval;
-       retval = ERROR_OK;
-
-       DEBUG_JTAG_IO("end_state: %i", cmd->cmd.end_state->end_state);
-
-       if (cmd->cmd.end_state->end_state != TAP_INVALID)
-               ft2232_end_state(cmd->cmd.end_state->end_state);
-
-       return retval;
-}
-
-
 static int ft2232_execute_runtest(jtag_command_t *cmd)
 {
        int  retval;
@@ -1282,17 +1490,18 @@ static int ft2232_execute_runtest(jtag_command_t *cmd)
        int predicted_size = 0;
        retval = ERROR_OK;
 
-       DEBUG_JTAG_IO("runtest %i cycles, end in %i",
+       DEBUG_JTAG_IO("runtest %i cycles, end in %s",
                        cmd->cmd.runtest->num_cycles,
-                       cmd->cmd.runtest->end_state);
+                       tap_state_name(cmd->cmd.runtest->end_state));
+
        /* only send the maximum buffer size that FT2232C can handle */
        predicted_size = 0;
        if (tap_get_state() != TAP_IDLE)
                predicted_size += 3;
        predicted_size += 3 * CEIL(cmd->cmd.runtest->num_cycles, 7);
-       if ( (cmd->cmd.runtest->end_state != TAP_INVALID) && (cmd->cmd.runtest->end_state != TAP_IDLE) )
+       if (cmd->cmd.runtest->end_state != TAP_IDLE)
                predicted_size += 3;
-       if ( (cmd->cmd.runtest->end_state == TAP_INVALID) && (tap_get_end_state() != TAP_IDLE) )
+       if (tap_get_end_state() != TAP_IDLE)
                predicted_size += 3;
        if (ft2232_buffer_size + predicted_size + 1 > FT2232_BUFFER_SIZE)
        {
@@ -1303,58 +1512,48 @@ static int ft2232_execute_runtest(jtag_command_t *cmd)
        }
        if (tap_get_state() != TAP_IDLE)
        {
-               /* command "Clock Data to TMS/CS Pin (no Read)" */
-               BUFFER_ADD = 0x4b;
-               BUFFER_ADD = 0x6;    /* scan 7 bits */
-
-               /* TMS data bits */
-               BUFFER_ADD = tap_get_tms_path(tap_get_state(), TAP_IDLE);
-               tap_set_state(TAP_IDLE);
+               move_to_state(TAP_IDLE);
                require_send = 1;
        }
        i = cmd->cmd.runtest->num_cycles;
        while (i > 0)
        {
+               /* there are no state transitions in this code, so omit state tracking */
+
                /* command "Clock Data to TMS/CS Pin (no Read)" */
-               BUFFER_ADD = 0x4b;
+               buffer_write(0x4b);
 
                /* scan 7 bits */
-               BUFFER_ADD = (i > 7) ? 6 : (i - 1);
+               buffer_write((i > 7) ? 6 : (i - 1));
 
                /* TMS data bits */
-               BUFFER_ADD = 0x0;
+               buffer_write(0x0);
                tap_set_state(TAP_IDLE);
+
                i -= (i > 7) ? 7 : i;
                /* LOG_DEBUG("added TMS scan (no read)"); */
        }
 
-       if (cmd->cmd.runtest->end_state != TAP_INVALID)
-               ft2232_end_state(cmd->cmd.runtest->end_state);
+       ft2232_end_state(cmd->cmd.runtest->end_state);
 
-       if ( tap_get_state() != tap_get_end_state() )
+       if (tap_get_state() != tap_get_end_state())
        {
-               /* command "Clock Data to TMS/CS Pin (no Read)" */
-               BUFFER_ADD = 0x4b;
-               /* scan 7 bit */
-               BUFFER_ADD = 0x6;
-               /* TMS data bits */
-               BUFFER_ADD = tap_get_tms_path( tap_get_state(), tap_get_end_state() );
-               tap_set_state( tap_get_end_state() );
-               /* LOG_DEBUG("added TMS scan (no read)"); */
+               move_to_state(tap_get_end_state());
        }
+
        require_send = 1;
 #ifdef _DEBUG_JTAG_IO_
-       LOG_DEBUG( "runtest: %i, end in %s", cmd->cmd.runtest->num_cycles, tap_state_name( tap_get_end_state() ) );
+       LOG_DEBUG("runtest: %i, end in %s", cmd->cmd.runtest->num_cycles, tap_state_name(tap_get_end_state()));
 #endif
 
        return retval;
 }
 
+
 static int ft2232_execute_statemove(jtag_command_t *cmd)
 {
-       int  retval;
-       int predicted_size = 0;
-       retval = ERROR_OK;
+       int     predicted_size = 0;
+       int     retval = ERROR_OK;
 
        DEBUG_JTAG_IO("statemove end in %i", cmd->cmd.statemove->end_state);
 
@@ -1367,66 +1566,64 @@ static int ft2232_execute_statemove(jtag_command_t *cmd)
                require_send = 0;
                first_unsent = cmd;
        }
-       if (cmd->cmd.statemove->end_state != TAP_INVALID)
-               ft2232_end_state(cmd->cmd.statemove->end_state);
+       ft2232_end_state(cmd->cmd.statemove->end_state);
 
-       /* command "Clock Data to TMS/CS Pin (no Read)" */
-       BUFFER_ADD = 0x4b;
-
-       BUFFER_ADD = 0x6;       /* scan 7 bits */
+       /* move to end state */
+       if (tap_get_state() != tap_get_end_state())
+       {
+               move_to_state(tap_get_end_state());
+               require_send = 1;
+       }
 
-                       /* TMS data bits */
-       BUFFER_ADD = tap_get_tms_path( tap_get_state(), tap_get_end_state() );
-       /* LOG_DEBUG("added TMS scan (no read)"); */
-       tap_set_state( tap_get_end_state() );
-       require_send = 1;
-#ifdef _DEBUG_JTAG_IO_
-       LOG_DEBUG( "statemove: %s", tap_state_name( tap_get_end_state() ) );
-#endif
-       
        return retval;
 }
 
 static int ft2232_execute_pathmove(jtag_command_t *cmd)
 {
-       int  retval;
-       int predicted_size = 0;
-       retval = ERROR_OK;
+       int     predicted_size = 0;
+       int     retval = ERROR_OK;
+
+       tap_state_t*     path = cmd->cmd.pathmove->path;
+       int     num_states    = cmd->cmd.pathmove->num_states;
+
+       DEBUG_JTAG_IO("pathmove: %i states, current: %s  end: %s", num_states,
+                       tap_state_name(tap_get_state()),
+                       tap_state_name(path[num_states-1])
+);
 
-       DEBUG_JTAG_IO("pathmove: %i states, end in %i",
-               cmd->cmd.pathmove->num_states,
-               cmd->cmd.pathmove->path[cmd->cmd.pathmove->num_states - 1]);
        /* only send the maximum buffer size that FT2232C can handle */
-       predicted_size = 3 * CEIL(cmd->cmd.pathmove->num_states, 7);
+       predicted_size = 3 * CEIL(num_states, 7);
        if (ft2232_buffer_size + predicted_size + 1 > FT2232_BUFFER_SIZE)
        {
                if (ft2232_send_and_recv(first_unsent, cmd) != ERROR_OK)
-               retval = ERROR_JTAG_QUEUE_FAILED;
+                       retval = ERROR_JTAG_QUEUE_FAILED;
+
                require_send = 0;
                first_unsent = cmd;
        }
-       ft2232_add_pathmove(cmd->cmd.pathmove);
+
+       ft2232_add_pathmove(path, num_states);
        require_send = 1;
-#ifdef _DEBUG_JTAG_IO_
-       LOG_DEBUG( "pathmove: %i states, end in %s", cmd->cmd.pathmove->num_states,
-               tap_state_name(cmd->cmd.pathmove->path[cmd->cmd.pathmove->num_states - 1]) );
-#endif
+
        return retval;
 }
 
+
 static int ft2232_execute_scan(jtag_command_t *cmd)
 {
-       int             retval;
-       u8*             buffer;
+       uint8_t*             buffer;
        int             scan_size;                  /* size of IR or DR scan */
-       enum scan_type  type;
        int             predicted_size = 0;
-       retval = ERROR_OK;
+       int                             retval = ERROR_OK;
+
+       enum scan_type  type = jtag_scan_type(cmd->cmd.scan);
+
+       DEBUG_JTAG_IO("%s type:%d", cmd->cmd.scan->ir_scan ? "IRSCAN" : "DRSCAN", type);
 
        scan_size = jtag_build_buffer(cmd->cmd.scan, &buffer);
-       type = jtag_scan_type(cmd->cmd.scan);
+
        predicted_size = ft2232_predict_scan_out(scan_size, type);
-       if ( (predicted_size + 1) > FT2232_BUFFER_SIZE )
+       if ((predicted_size + 1) > FT2232_BUFFER_SIZE)
        {
                LOG_DEBUG("oversized ft2232 scan (predicted_size > FT2232_BUFFER_SIZE)");
                /* unsent commands before this */
@@ -1435,8 +1632,7 @@ static int ft2232_execute_scan(jtag_command_t *cmd)
                                retval = ERROR_JTAG_QUEUE_FAILED;
 
                /* current command */
-               if (cmd->cmd.scan->end_state != TAP_INVALID)
-                       ft2232_end_state(cmd->cmd.scan->end_state);
+               ft2232_end_state(cmd->cmd.scan->end_state);
                ft2232_large_scan(cmd->cmd.scan, type, buffer, scan_size);
                require_send = 0;
                first_unsent = cmd->next;
@@ -1456,15 +1652,14 @@ static int ft2232_execute_scan(jtag_command_t *cmd)
        }
        ft2232_expect_read += ft2232_predict_scan_in(scan_size, type);
        /* LOG_DEBUG("new read size: %i", ft2232_expect_read); */
-       if (cmd->cmd.scan->end_state != TAP_INVALID)
-               ft2232_end_state(cmd->cmd.scan->end_state);
+       ft2232_end_state(cmd->cmd.scan->end_state);
        ft2232_add_scan(cmd->cmd.scan->ir_scan, type, buffer, scan_size);
        require_send = 1;
        if (buffer)
                free(buffer);
 #ifdef _DEBUG_JTAG_IO_
-       LOG_DEBUG( "%s scan, %i bits, end in %s", (cmd->cmd.scan->ir_scan) ? "IR" : "DR", scan_size,
-                       tap_state_name( tap_get_end_state() ) );
+       LOG_DEBUG("%s scan, %i bits, end in %s", (cmd->cmd.scan->ir_scan) ? "IR" : "DR", scan_size,
+                       tap_state_name(tap_get_end_state()));
 #endif
        return retval;
 
@@ -1489,10 +1684,6 @@ static int ft2232_execute_reset(jtag_command_t *cmd)
                first_unsent = cmd;
        }
 
-       if ( (cmd->cmd.reset->trst == 1) || ( cmd->cmd.reset->srst && (jtag_reset_config & RESET_SRST_PULLS_TRST) ) )
-       {
-               tap_set_state(TAP_RESET);
-       }
        layout->reset(cmd->cmd.reset->trst, cmd->cmd.reset->srst);
        require_send = 1;
 
@@ -1514,7 +1705,7 @@ static int ft2232_execute_sleep(jtag_command_t *cmd)
        first_unsent = cmd->next;
        jtag_sleep(cmd->cmd.sleep->us);
 #ifdef _DEBUG_JTAG_IO_
-                       LOG_DEBUG( "sleep %i usec while in %s", cmd->cmd.sleep->us, tap_state_name( tap_get_state() ) );
+                       LOG_DEBUG("sleep %i usec while in %s", cmd->cmd.sleep->us, tap_state_name(tap_get_state()));
 #endif
 
        return retval;
@@ -1531,7 +1722,7 @@ static int ft2232_execute_stableclocks(jtag_command_t *cmd)
        if (ft2232_stableclocks(cmd->cmd.stableclocks->num_cycles, cmd) != ERROR_OK)
                retval = ERROR_JTAG_QUEUE_FAILED;
 #ifdef _DEBUG_JTAG_IO_
-       LOG_DEBUG( "clocks %i while in %s", cmd->cmd.stableclocks->num_cycles, tap_state_name( tap_get_state() ) );
+       LOG_DEBUG("clocks %i while in %s", cmd->cmd.stableclocks->num_cycles, tap_state_name(tap_get_state()));
 #endif
 
        return retval;
@@ -1544,17 +1735,16 @@ static int ft2232_execute_command(jtag_command_t *cmd)
 
        switch (cmd->type)
        {
-               case JTAG_END_STATE: retval = ft2232_execute_end_state(cmd); break;
-               case JTAG_RESET:         retval = ft2232_execute_reset(cmd); break;
-               case JTAG_RUNTEST:   retval = ft2232_execute_runtest(cmd); break;
-               case JTAG_STATEMOVE: retval = ft2232_execute_statemove(cmd); break;
-               case JTAG_PATHMOVE:  retval = ft2232_execute_pathmove(cmd); break;
-               case JTAG_SCAN:          retval = ft2232_execute_scan(cmd); break;
-               case JTAG_SLEEP:         retval = ft2232_execute_sleep(cmd); break;
-               case JTAG_STABLECLOCKS: retval = ft2232_execute_stableclocks(cmd); break;
-               default:
-                       LOG_ERROR("BUG: unknown JTAG command type encountered");
-                       exit(-1);       
+       case JTAG_RESET:        retval = ft2232_execute_reset(cmd); break;
+       case JTAG_RUNTEST:      retval = ft2232_execute_runtest(cmd); break;
+       case JTAG_STATEMOVE: retval = ft2232_execute_statemove(cmd); break;
+       case JTAG_PATHMOVE:     retval = ft2232_execute_pathmove(cmd); break;
+       case JTAG_SCAN:         retval = ft2232_execute_scan(cmd); break;
+       case JTAG_SLEEP:        retval = ft2232_execute_sleep(cmd); break;
+       case JTAG_STABLECLOCKS: retval = ft2232_execute_stableclocks(cmd); break;
+       default:
+               LOG_ERROR("BUG: unknown JTAG command type encountered");
+               exit(-1);
        }
        return retval;
 }
@@ -1602,18 +1792,21 @@ static int ft2232_execute_queue()
 
 
 #if BUILD_FT2232_FTD2XX == 1
-static int ft2232_init_ftd2xx(u16 vid, u16 pid, int more, int* try_more)
+static int ft2232_init_ftd2xx(uint16_t vid, uint16_t pid, int more, int* try_more)
 {
-       FT_STATUS status;
-       DWORD     openex_flags  = 0;
-       char*     openex_string = NULL;
-       u8        latency_timer;
+       FT_STATUS       status;
+       DWORD           deviceID;
+       char            SerialNumber[16];
+       char            Description[64];
+       DWORD   openex_flags  = 0;
+       char*   openex_string = NULL;
+       uint8_t latency_timer;
 
        LOG_DEBUG("'ft2232' interface using FTD2XX with '%s' layout (%4.4x:%4.4x)", ft2232_layout, vid, pid);
 
 #if IS_WIN32 == 0
        /* Add non-standard Vid/Pid to the linux driver */
-       if ( ( status = FT_SetVIDPID(vid, pid) ) != FT_OK )
+       if ((status = FT_SetVIDPID(vid, pid)) != FT_OK)
        {
                LOG_WARNING("couldn't add %4.4x:%4.4x", vid, pid);
        }
@@ -1644,27 +1837,27 @@ static int ft2232_init_ftd2xx(u16 vid, u16 pid, int more, int* try_more)
        }
 
        status = FT_OpenEx(openex_string, openex_flags, &ftdih);
-       if( status != FT_OK ){
+       if (status != FT_OK) {
                // under Win32, the FTD2XX driver appends an "A" to the end
                // of the description, if we tried by the desc, then
                // try by the alternate "A" description.
-               if( openex_string == ft2232_device_desc ){
+               if (openex_string == ft2232_device_desc) {
                        // Try the alternate method.
                        openex_string = ft2232_device_desc_A;
                        status = FT_OpenEx(openex_string, openex_flags, &ftdih);
-                       if( status == FT_OK ){
+                       if (status == FT_OK) {
                                // yea, the "alternate" method worked!
                        } else {
                                // drat, give the user a meaningfull message.
                                // telling the use we tried *BOTH* methods.
                                LOG_WARNING("Unable to open FTDI Device tried: '%s' and '%s'\n",
                                                        ft2232_device_desc,
-                                                       ft2232_device_desc_A );
+                                                       ft2232_device_desc_A);
                        }
                }
        }
 
-       if ( status != FT_OK )
+       if (status != FT_OK)
        {
                DWORD num_devices;
 
@@ -1678,8 +1871,8 @@ static int ft2232_init_ftd2xx(u16 vid, u16 pid, int more, int* try_more)
                status = FT_ListDevices(&num_devices, NULL, FT_LIST_NUMBER_ONLY);
                if (status == FT_OK)
                {
-                       char** desc_array = malloc( sizeof(char*) * (num_devices + 1) );
-                       u32 i;
+                       char** desc_array = malloc(sizeof(char*) * (num_devices + 1));
+                       uint32_t i;
 
                        for (i = 0; i < num_devices; i++)
                                desc_array[i] = malloc(64);
@@ -1707,13 +1900,13 @@ static int ft2232_init_ftd2xx(u16 vid, u16 pid, int more, int* try_more)
                return ERROR_JTAG_INIT_FAILED;
        }
 
-       if ( ( status = FT_SetLatencyTimer(ftdih, ft2232_latency) ) != FT_OK )
+       if ((status = FT_SetLatencyTimer(ftdih, ft2232_latency)) != FT_OK)
        {
                LOG_ERROR("unable to set latency timer: %lu", status);
                return ERROR_JTAG_INIT_FAILED;
        }
 
-       if ( ( status = FT_GetLatencyTimer(ftdih, &latency_timer) ) != FT_OK )
+       if ((status = FT_GetLatencyTimer(ftdih, &latency_timer)) != FT_OK)
        {
                LOG_ERROR("unable to get latency timer: %lu", status);
                return ERROR_JTAG_INIT_FAILED;
@@ -1723,18 +1916,39 @@ static int ft2232_init_ftd2xx(u16 vid, u16 pid, int more, int* try_more)
                LOG_DEBUG("current latency timer: %i", latency_timer);
        }
 
-       if ( ( status = FT_SetTimeouts(ftdih, 5000, 5000) ) != FT_OK )
+       if ((status = FT_SetTimeouts(ftdih, 5000, 5000)) != FT_OK)
        {
                LOG_ERROR("unable to set timeouts: %lu", status);
                return ERROR_JTAG_INIT_FAILED;
        }
 
-       if ( ( status = FT_SetBitMode(ftdih, 0x0b, 2) ) != FT_OK )
+       if ((status = FT_SetBitMode(ftdih, 0x0b, 2)) != FT_OK)
        {
                LOG_ERROR("unable to enable bit i/o mode: %lu", status);
                return ERROR_JTAG_INIT_FAILED;
        }
 
+       if ((status = FT_GetDeviceInfo(ftdih, &ftdi_device, &deviceID, SerialNumber, Description, NULL)) != FT_OK)
+       {
+               LOG_ERROR("unable to get FT_GetDeviceInfo: %lu", status);
+               return ERROR_JTAG_INIT_FAILED;
+       }
+       else
+       {
+               LOG_INFO("device: %lu", ftdi_device);
+               LOG_INFO("deviceID: %lu", deviceID);
+               LOG_INFO("SerialNumber: %s", SerialNumber);
+               LOG_INFO("Description: %s", Description);
+
+#ifdef BUILD_FTD2XX_HIGHSPEED
+               if (ft2232_device_is_highspeed())
+               {
+                       ft2232_max_tck = FTDI_2232H_4232H_MAX_TCK;
+                       LOG_INFO("max TCK change to: %u kHz", ft2232_max_tck);
+               }
+#endif
+       }
+
        return ERROR_OK;
 }
 
@@ -1743,7 +1957,7 @@ static int ft2232_purge_ftd2xx(void)
 {
        FT_STATUS status;
 
-       if ( ( status = FT_Purge(ftdih, FT_PURGE_RX | FT_PURGE_TX) ) != FT_OK )
+       if ((status = FT_Purge(ftdih, FT_PURGE_RX | FT_PURGE_TX)) != FT_OK)
        {
                LOG_ERROR("error purging ftd2xx device: %lu", status);
                return ERROR_JTAG_INIT_FAILED;
@@ -1756,9 +1970,9 @@ static int ft2232_purge_ftd2xx(void)
 #endif /* BUILD_FT2232_FTD2XX == 1 */
 
 #if BUILD_FT2232_LIBFTDI == 1
-static int ft2232_init_libftdi(u16 vid, u16 pid, int more, int* try_more)
+static int ft2232_init_libftdi(uint16_t vid, uint16_t pid, int more, int* try_more)
 {
-       u8 latency_timer;
+       uint8_t latency_timer;
 
        LOG_DEBUG("'ft2232' interface using libftdi with '%s' layout (%4.4x:%4.4x)",
                        ft2232_layout, vid, pid);
@@ -1766,6 +1980,12 @@ static int ft2232_init_libftdi(u16 vid, u16 pid, int more, int* try_more)
        if (ftdi_init(&ftdic) < 0)
                return ERROR_JTAG_INIT_FAILED;
 
+       if (ftdi_set_interface(&ftdic, INTERFACE_A) < 0)
+       {
+               LOG_ERROR("unable to select FT2232 channel A: %s", ftdic.error_str);
+               return ERROR_JTAG_INIT_FAILED;
+       }
+
        /* context, vendor id, product id */
        if (ftdi_usb_open_desc(&ftdic, vid, pid, ft2232_device_desc,
                                ft2232_serial) < 0)
@@ -1779,12 +1999,7 @@ static int ft2232_init_libftdi(u16 vid, u16 pid, int more, int* try_more)
                return ERROR_JTAG_INIT_FAILED;
        }
 
-       if (ftdi_set_interface(&ftdic, INTERFACE_A) < 0)
-       {
-               LOG_ERROR("unable to select FT2232 channel A: %s", ftdic.error_str);
-               return ERROR_JTAG_INIT_FAILED;
-       }
-
+       /* There is already a reset in ftdi_usb_open_desc, this should be redundant */
        if (ftdi_usb_reset(&ftdic) < 0)
        {
                LOG_ERROR("unable to reset ftdi device");
@@ -1829,13 +2044,22 @@ static int ft2232_purge_libftdi(void)
 
 static int ft2232_init(void)
 {
-       u8  buf[1];
+       uint8_t  buf[1];
        int retval;
-       u32 bytes_written;
-       ft2232_layout_t* cur_layout = ft2232_layouts;
+       uint32_t bytes_written;
+       const ft2232_layout_t* cur_layout = ft2232_layouts;
        int i;
 
-       if ( (ft2232_layout == NULL) || (ft2232_layout[0] == 0) )
+       if (tap_get_tms_path_len(TAP_IRPAUSE,TAP_IRPAUSE) == 7)
+       {
+               LOG_DEBUG("ft2232 interface using 7 step jtag state transitions");
+       }
+       else
+       {
+               LOG_DEBUG("ft2232 interface using shortest path jtag state transitions");
+
+       }
+       if ((ft2232_layout == NULL) || (ft2232_layout[0] == 0))
        {
                ft2232_layout = "usbjtag";
                LOG_WARNING("No ft2232 layout specified, using default 'usbjtag'");
@@ -1890,10 +2114,10 @@ static int ft2232_init(void)
        if (layout->init() != ERROR_OK)
                return ERROR_JTAG_INIT_FAILED;
 
-       ft2232_speed(jtag_speed);
+       ft2232_speed(jtag_get_speed());
 
        buf[0] = 0x85; /* Disconnect TDI/DO to TDO/DI for Loopback */
-       if ( ( ( retval = ft2232_write(buf, 1, &bytes_written) ) != ERROR_OK ) || (bytes_written != 1) )
+       if (((retval = ft2232_write(buf, 1, &bytes_written)) != ERROR_OK) || (bytes_written != 1))
        {
                LOG_ERROR("couldn't write to FT2232 to disable loopback");
                return ERROR_JTAG_INIT_FAILED;
@@ -1911,8 +2135,8 @@ static int ft2232_init(void)
 
 static int usbjtag_init(void)
 {
-       u8  buf[3];
-       u32 bytes_written;
+       uint8_t  buf[3];
+       uint32_t bytes_written;
 
        low_output    = 0x08;
        low_direction = 0x0b;
@@ -1940,12 +2164,22 @@ static int usbjtag_init(void)
                low_output    = 0x88;
                low_direction = 0x8b;
        }
+       else if (strcmp(ft2232_layout, "luminary_icdi") == 0)
+       {
+               nTRST = 0x0;
+               nTRSTnOE = 0x00;
+               nSRST = 0x20;
+               nSRSTnOE = 0x20;
+               low_output    = 0x88;
+               low_direction = 0xcb;
+       }
        else
        {
                LOG_ERROR("BUG: usbjtag_init called for unknown layout '%s'", ft2232_layout);
                return ERROR_JTAG_INIT_FAILED;
        }
 
+       enum reset_types jtag_reset_config = jtag_get_reset_config();
        if (jtag_reset_config & RESET_TRST_OPEN_DRAIN)
        {
                low_direction &= ~nTRSTnOE; /* nTRST input */
@@ -1970,11 +2204,11 @@ static int usbjtag_init(void)
 
        /* initialize low byte for jtag */
        buf[0] = 0x80;          /* command "set data bits low byte" */
-       buf[1] = low_output;    /* value (TMS=1,TCK=0, TDI=0, xRST high) */
-       buf[2] = low_direction; /* dir (output=1), TCK/TDI/TMS=out, TDO=in */
+       buf[1] = low_output;    /* value (TMS = 1,TCK = 0, TDI = 0, xRST high) */
+       buf[2] = low_direction; /* dir (output = 1), TCK/TDI/TMS = out, TDO = in */
        LOG_DEBUG("%2.2x %2.2x %2.2x", buf[0], buf[1], buf[2]);
 
-       if ( ( ( ft2232_write(buf, 3, &bytes_written) ) != ERROR_OK ) || (bytes_written != 3) )
+       if (((ft2232_write(buf, 3, &bytes_written)) != ERROR_OK) || (bytes_written != 3))
        {
                LOG_ERROR("couldn't initialize FT2232 with 'USBJTAG' layout");
                return ERROR_JTAG_INIT_FAILED;
@@ -1986,19 +2220,19 @@ static int usbjtag_init(void)
 
 static int axm0432_jtag_init(void)
 {
-       u8  buf[3];
-       u32 bytes_written;
+       uint8_t  buf[3];
+       uint32_t bytes_written;
 
        low_output    = 0x08;
        low_direction = 0x2b;
 
        /* initialize low byte for jtag */
        buf[0] = 0x80;          /* command "set data bits low byte" */
-       buf[1] = low_output;    /* value (TMS=1,TCK=0, TDI=0, nOE=0) */
-       buf[2] = low_direction; /* dir (output=1), TCK/TDI/TMS=out, TDO=in, nOE=out */
+       buf[1] = low_output;    /* value (TMS = 1,TCK = 0, TDI = 0, nOE = 0) */
+       buf[2] = low_direction; /* dir (output = 1), TCK/TDI/TMS = out, TDO = in, nOE = out */
        LOG_DEBUG("%2.2x %2.2x %2.2x", buf[0], buf[1], buf[2]);
 
-       if ( ( ( ft2232_write(buf, 3, &bytes_written) ) != ERROR_OK ) || (bytes_written != 3) )
+       if (((ft2232_write(buf, 3, &bytes_written)) != ERROR_OK) || (bytes_written != 3))
        {
                LOG_ERROR("couldn't initialize FT2232 with 'JTAGkey' layout");
                return ERROR_JTAG_INIT_FAILED;
@@ -2020,6 +2254,7 @@ static int axm0432_jtag_init(void)
        high_output    = 0x0;
        high_direction = 0x0c;
 
+       enum reset_types jtag_reset_config = jtag_get_reset_config();
        if (jtag_reset_config & RESET_TRST_OPEN_DRAIN)
        {
                LOG_ERROR("can't set nTRSTOE to push-pull on the Dicarlo jtag");
@@ -2044,7 +2279,7 @@ static int axm0432_jtag_init(void)
        buf[2] = high_direction;    /* all outputs (xRST and xRSTnOE) */
        LOG_DEBUG("%2.2x %2.2x %2.2x", buf[0], buf[1], buf[2]);
 
-       if ( ( ( ft2232_write(buf, 3, &bytes_written) ) != ERROR_OK ) || (bytes_written != 3) )
+       if (((ft2232_write(buf, 3, &bytes_written)) != ERROR_OK) || (bytes_written != 3))
        {
                LOG_ERROR("couldn't initialize FT2232 with 'Dicarlo' layout");
                return ERROR_JTAG_INIT_FAILED;
@@ -2056,19 +2291,19 @@ static int axm0432_jtag_init(void)
 
 static int jtagkey_init(void)
 {
-       u8  buf[3];
-       u32 bytes_written;
+       uint8_t  buf[3];
+       uint32_t bytes_written;
 
        low_output    = 0x08;
        low_direction = 0x1b;
 
        /* initialize low byte for jtag */
        buf[0] = 0x80;          /* command "set data bits low byte" */
-       buf[1] = low_output;    /* value (TMS=1,TCK=0, TDI=0, nOE=0) */
-       buf[2] = low_direction; /* dir (output=1), TCK/TDI/TMS=out, TDO=in, nOE=out */
+       buf[1] = low_output;    /* value (TMS = 1,TCK = 0, TDI = 0, nOE = 0) */
+       buf[2] = low_direction; /* dir (output = 1), TCK/TDI/TMS = out, TDO = in, nOE = out */
        LOG_DEBUG("%2.2x %2.2x %2.2x", buf[0], buf[1], buf[2]);
 
-       if ( ( ( ft2232_write(buf, 3, &bytes_written) ) != ERROR_OK ) || (bytes_written != 3) )
+       if (((ft2232_write(buf, 3, &bytes_written)) != ERROR_OK) || (bytes_written != 3))
        {
                LOG_ERROR("couldn't initialize FT2232 with 'JTAGkey' layout");
                return ERROR_JTAG_INIT_FAILED;
@@ -2081,8 +2316,8 @@ static int jtagkey_init(void)
                nSRST    = 0x02;
                nSRSTnOE = 0x08;
        }
-       else if ( (strcmp(layout->name, "jtagkey_prototype_v1") == 0)
-                        || (strcmp(layout->name, "oocdlink") == 0) )
+       else if ((strcmp(layout->name, "jtagkey_prototype_v1") == 0)
+                        || (strcmp(layout->name, "oocdlink") == 0))
        {
                nTRST    = 0x02;
                nTRSTnOE = 0x1;
@@ -2098,6 +2333,7 @@ static int jtagkey_init(void)
        high_output    = 0x0;
        high_direction = 0x0f;
 
+       enum reset_types jtag_reset_config = jtag_get_reset_config();
        if (jtag_reset_config & RESET_TRST_OPEN_DRAIN)
        {
                high_output |= nTRSTnOE;
@@ -2126,7 +2362,7 @@ static int jtagkey_init(void)
        buf[2] = high_direction;    /* all outputs (xRST and xRSTnOE) */
        LOG_DEBUG("%2.2x %2.2x %2.2x", buf[0], buf[1], buf[2]);
 
-       if ( ( ( ft2232_write(buf, 3, &bytes_written) ) != ERROR_OK ) || (bytes_written != 3) )
+       if (((ft2232_write(buf, 3, &bytes_written)) != ERROR_OK) || (bytes_written != 3))
        {
                LOG_ERROR("couldn't initialize FT2232 with 'JTAGkey' layout");
                return ERROR_JTAG_INIT_FAILED;
@@ -2138,21 +2374,21 @@ static int jtagkey_init(void)
 
 static int olimex_jtag_init(void)
 {
-       u8  buf[3];
-       u32 bytes_written;
+       uint8_t  buf[3];
+       uint32_t bytes_written;
 
        low_output    = 0x08;
        low_direction = 0x1b;
 
        /* initialize low byte for jtag */
        buf[0] = 0x80;          /* command "set data bits low byte" */
-       buf[1] = low_output;    /* value (TMS=1,TCK=0, TDI=0, nOE=0) */
-       buf[2] = low_direction; /* dir (output=1), TCK/TDI/TMS=out, TDO=in, nOE=out */
+       buf[1] = low_output;    /* value (TMS = 1,TCK = 0, TDI = 0, nOE = 0) */
+       buf[2] = low_direction; /* dir (output = 1), TCK/TDI/TMS = out, TDO = in, nOE = out */
        LOG_DEBUG("%2.2x %2.2x %2.2x", buf[0], buf[1], buf[2]);
 
-       if ( ( ( ft2232_write(buf, 3, &bytes_written) ) != ERROR_OK ) || (bytes_written != 3) )
+       if (((ft2232_write(buf, 3, &bytes_written)) != ERROR_OK) || (bytes_written != 3))
        {
-               LOG_ERROR("couldn't initialize FT2232 with 'JTAGkey' layout");
+               LOG_ERROR("couldn't initialize FT2232 with 'Olimex' layout");
                return ERROR_JTAG_INIT_FAILED;
        }
 
@@ -2164,6 +2400,7 @@ static int olimex_jtag_init(void)
        high_output    = 0x0;
        high_direction = 0x0f;
 
+       enum reset_types jtag_reset_config = jtag_get_reset_config();
        if (jtag_reset_config & RESET_TRST_OPEN_DRAIN)
        {
                high_output |= nTRSTnOE;
@@ -2193,9 +2430,9 @@ static int olimex_jtag_init(void)
        buf[2] = high_direction;    /* all outputs (xRST and xRSTnOE) */
        LOG_DEBUG("%2.2x %2.2x %2.2x", buf[0], buf[1], buf[2]);
 
-       if ( ( ( ft2232_write(buf, 3, &bytes_written) ) != ERROR_OK ) || (bytes_written != 3) )
+       if ((ft2232_write(buf, 3, &bytes_written) != ERROR_OK) || (bytes_written != 3))
        {
-               LOG_ERROR("couldn't initialize FT2232 with 'JTAGkey' layout");
+               LOG_ERROR("couldn't initialize FT2232 with 'Olimex' layout");
                return ERROR_JTAG_INIT_FAILED;
        }
 
@@ -2205,19 +2442,19 @@ static int olimex_jtag_init(void)
 
 static int flyswatter_init(void)
 {
-       u8  buf[3];
-       u32 bytes_written;
+       uint8_t  buf[3];
+       uint32_t bytes_written;
 
        low_output    = 0x18;
        low_direction = 0xfb;
 
        /* initialize low byte for jtag */
        buf[0] = 0x80;          /* command "set data bits low byte" */
-       buf[1] = low_output;    /* value (TMS=1,TCK=0, TDI=0, nOE=0) */
-       buf[2] = low_direction; /* dir (output=1), TCK/TDI/TMS=out, TDO=in, nOE[12]=out, n[ST]srst=out */
+       buf[1] = low_output;    /* value (TMS = 1,TCK = 0, TDI = 0, nOE = 0) */
+       buf[2] = low_direction; /* dir (output = 1), TCK/TDI/TMS = out, TDO = in, nOE[12]=out, n[ST]srst = out */
        LOG_DEBUG("%2.2x %2.2x %2.2x", buf[0], buf[1], buf[2]);
 
-       if ( ( ( ft2232_write(buf, 3, &bytes_written) ) != ERROR_OK ) || (bytes_written != 3) )
+       if (((ft2232_write(buf, 3, &bytes_written)) != ERROR_OK) || (bytes_written != 3))
        {
                LOG_ERROR("couldn't initialize FT2232 with 'flyswatter' layout");
                return ERROR_JTAG_INIT_FAILED;
@@ -2240,7 +2477,7 @@ static int flyswatter_init(void)
        buf[2] = high_direction;    /* all outputs (xRST and xRSTnOE) */
        LOG_DEBUG("%2.2x %2.2x %2.2x", buf[0], buf[1], buf[2]);
 
-       if ( ( ( ft2232_write(buf, 3, &bytes_written) ) != ERROR_OK ) || (bytes_written != 3) )
+       if (((ft2232_write(buf, 3, &bytes_written)) != ERROR_OK) || (bytes_written != 3))
        {
                LOG_ERROR("couldn't initialize FT2232 with 'flyswatter' layout");
                return ERROR_JTAG_INIT_FAILED;
@@ -2252,19 +2489,19 @@ static int flyswatter_init(void)
 
 static int turtle_init(void)
 {
-       u8  buf[3];
-       u32 bytes_written;
+       uint8_t  buf[3];
+       uint32_t bytes_written;
 
        low_output    = 0x08;
        low_direction = 0x5b;
 
        /* initialize low byte for jtag */
        buf[0] = 0x80;          /* command "set data bits low byte" */
-       buf[1] = low_output;    /* value (TMS=1,TCK=0, TDI=0, nOE=0) */
-       buf[2] = low_direction; /* dir (output=1), TCK/TDI/TMS=out, TDO=in, nOE=out */
+       buf[1] = low_output;    /* value (TMS = 1,TCK = 0, TDI = 0, nOE = 0) */
+       buf[2] = low_direction; /* dir (output = 1), TCK/TDI/TMS = out, TDO = in, nOE = out */
        LOG_DEBUG("%2.2x %2.2x %2.2x", buf[0], buf[1], buf[2]);
 
-       if ( ( ( ft2232_write(buf, 3, &bytes_written) ) != ERROR_OK ) || (bytes_written != 3) )
+       if (((ft2232_write(buf, 3, &bytes_written)) != ERROR_OK) || (bytes_written != 3))
        {
                LOG_ERROR("couldn't initialize FT2232 with 'turtelizer2' layout");
                return ERROR_JTAG_INIT_FAILED;
@@ -2281,7 +2518,7 @@ static int turtle_init(void)
        buf[2] = high_direction;
        LOG_DEBUG("%2.2x %2.2x %2.2x", buf[0], buf[1], buf[2]);
 
-       if ( ( ( ft2232_write(buf, 3, &bytes_written) ) != ERROR_OK ) || (bytes_written != 3) )
+       if (((ft2232_write(buf, 3, &bytes_written)) != ERROR_OK) || (bytes_written != 3))
        {
                LOG_ERROR("couldn't initialize FT2232 with 'turtelizer2' layout");
                return ERROR_JTAG_INIT_FAILED;
@@ -2293,19 +2530,19 @@ static int turtle_init(void)
 
 static int comstick_init(void)
 {
-       u8  buf[3];
-       u32 bytes_written;
+       uint8_t  buf[3];
+       uint32_t bytes_written;
 
        low_output    = 0x08;
        low_direction = 0x0b;
 
        /* initialize low byte for jtag */
        buf[0] = 0x80;          /* command "set data bits low byte" */
-       buf[1] = low_output;    /* value (TMS=1,TCK=0, TDI=0, nOE=0) */
-       buf[2] = low_direction; /* dir (output=1), TCK/TDI/TMS=out, TDO=in, nOE=out */
+       buf[1] = low_output;    /* value (TMS = 1,TCK = 0, TDI = 0, nOE = 0) */
+       buf[2] = low_direction; /* dir (output = 1), TCK/TDI/TMS = out, TDO = in, nOE = out */
        LOG_DEBUG("%2.2x %2.2x %2.2x", buf[0], buf[1], buf[2]);
 
-       if ( ( ( ft2232_write(buf, 3, &bytes_written) ) != ERROR_OK ) || (bytes_written != 3) )
+       if (((ft2232_write(buf, 3, &bytes_written)) != ERROR_OK) || (bytes_written != 3))
        {
                LOG_ERROR("couldn't initialize FT2232 with 'comstick' layout");
                return ERROR_JTAG_INIT_FAILED;
@@ -2325,7 +2562,7 @@ static int comstick_init(void)
        buf[2] = high_direction;
        LOG_DEBUG("%2.2x %2.2x %2.2x", buf[0], buf[1], buf[2]);
 
-       if ( ( ( ft2232_write(buf, 3, &bytes_written) ) != ERROR_OK ) || (bytes_written != 3) )
+       if (((ft2232_write(buf, 3, &bytes_written)) != ERROR_OK) || (bytes_written != 3))
        {
                LOG_ERROR("couldn't initialize FT2232 with 'comstick' layout");
                return ERROR_JTAG_INIT_FAILED;
@@ -2337,19 +2574,19 @@ static int comstick_init(void)
 
 static int stm32stick_init(void)
 {
-       u8  buf[3];
-       u32 bytes_written;
+       uint8_t  buf[3];
+       uint32_t bytes_written;
 
        low_output    = 0x88;
        low_direction = 0x8b;
 
        /* initialize low byte for jtag */
        buf[0] = 0x80;          /* command "set data bits low byte" */
-       buf[1] = low_output;    /* value (TMS=1,TCK=0, TDI=0, nOE=0) */
-       buf[2] = low_direction; /* dir (output=1), TCK/TDI/TMS=out, TDO=in, nOE=out */
+       buf[1] = low_output;    /* value (TMS = 1,TCK = 0, TDI = 0, nOE = 0) */
+       buf[2] = low_direction; /* dir (output = 1), TCK/TDI/TMS = out, TDO = in, nOE = out */
        LOG_DEBUG("%2.2x %2.2x %2.2x", buf[0], buf[1], buf[2]);
 
-       if ( ( ( ft2232_write(buf, 3, &bytes_written) ) != ERROR_OK ) || (bytes_written != 3) )
+       if (((ft2232_write(buf, 3, &bytes_written)) != ERROR_OK) || (bytes_written != 3))
        {
                LOG_ERROR("couldn't initialize FT2232 with 'stm32stick' layout");
                return ERROR_JTAG_INIT_FAILED;
@@ -2369,7 +2606,7 @@ static int stm32stick_init(void)
        buf[2] = high_direction;
        LOG_DEBUG("%2.2x %2.2x %2.2x", buf[0], buf[1], buf[2]);
 
-       if ( ( ( ft2232_write(buf, 3, &bytes_written) ) != ERROR_OK ) || (bytes_written != 3) )
+       if (((ft2232_write(buf, 3, &bytes_written)) != ERROR_OK) || (bytes_written != 3))
        {
                LOG_ERROR("couldn't initialize FT2232 with 'stm32stick' layout");
                return ERROR_JTAG_INIT_FAILED;
@@ -2381,21 +2618,21 @@ static int stm32stick_init(void)
 
 static int sheevaplug_init(void)
 {
-       u8 buf[3];
-       u32 bytes_written;
+       uint8_t buf[3];
+       uint32_t bytes_written;
 
        low_output = 0x08;
        low_direction = 0x1b;
 
        /* initialize low byte for jtag */
        buf[0] = 0x80; /* command "set data bits low byte" */
-       buf[1] = low_output; /* value (TMS=1,TCK=0, TDI=0, nOE=0) */
-       buf[2] = low_direction; /* dir (output=1), TCK/TDI/TMS=out, TDO=in */
+       buf[1] = low_output; /* value (TMS = 1,TCK = 0, TDI = 0, nOE = 0) */
+       buf[2] = low_direction; /* dir (output = 1), TCK/TDI/TMS = out, TDO = in */
        LOG_DEBUG("%2.2x %2.2x %2.2x", buf[0], buf[1], buf[2]);
 
        if (((ft2232_write(buf, 3, &bytes_written)) != ERROR_OK) || (bytes_written != 3))
        {
-               LOG_ERROR("couldn't initialize FT2232 with 'sheevaplug' layout"); 
+               LOG_ERROR("couldn't initialize FT2232 with 'sheevaplug' layout");
                return ERROR_JTAG_INIT_FAILED;
        }
 
@@ -2423,7 +2660,50 @@ static int sheevaplug_init(void)
 
        if (((ft2232_write(buf, 3, &bytes_written)) != ERROR_OK) || (bytes_written != 3))
        {
-               LOG_ERROR("couldn't initialize FT2232 with 'sheevaplug' layout"); 
+               LOG_ERROR("couldn't initialize FT2232 with 'sheevaplug' layout");
+               return ERROR_JTAG_INIT_FAILED;
+       }
+
+       return ERROR_OK;
+}
+
+static int cortino_jtag_init(void)
+{
+       uint8_t  buf[3];
+       uint32_t bytes_written;
+
+       low_output    = 0x08;
+       low_direction = 0x1b;
+
+       /* initialize low byte for jtag */
+       buf[0] = 0x80;          /* command "set data bits low byte" */
+       buf[1] = low_output;    /* value (TMS = 1,TCK = 0, TDI = 0, nOE = 0) */
+       buf[2] = low_direction; /* dir (output = 1), TCK/TDI/TMS = out, TDO = in, nOE = out */
+       LOG_DEBUG("%2.2x %2.2x %2.2x", buf[0], buf[1], buf[2]);
+
+       if (((ft2232_write(buf, 3, &bytes_written)) != ERROR_OK) || (bytes_written != 3))
+       {
+               LOG_ERROR("couldn't initialize FT2232 with 'cortino' layout");
+               return ERROR_JTAG_INIT_FAILED;
+       }
+
+       nTRST    = 0x01;
+       nTRSTnOE = 0x00;    /* no output enable for nTRST */
+       nSRST    = 0x02;
+       nSRSTnOE = 0x00;    /* no output enable for nSRST */
+
+       high_output    = 0x03;
+       high_direction = 0x03;
+
+       /* initialize high port */
+       buf[0] = 0x82; /* command "set data bits high byte" */
+       buf[1] = high_output;
+       buf[2] = high_direction;
+       LOG_DEBUG("%2.2x %2.2x %2.2x", buf[0], buf[1], buf[2]);
+
+       if (((ft2232_write(buf, 3, &bytes_written)) != ERROR_OK) || (bytes_written != 3))
+       {
+               LOG_ERROR("couldn't initialize FT2232 with 'stm32stick' layout");
                return ERROR_JTAG_INIT_FAILED;
        }
 
@@ -2446,9 +2726,9 @@ static void olimex_jtag_blink(void)
                high_output |= 0x08;
        }
 
-       BUFFER_ADD = 0x82;
-       BUFFER_ADD = high_output;
-       BUFFER_ADD = high_direction;
+       buffer_write(0x82);
+       buffer_write(high_output);
+       buffer_write(high_direction);
 }
 
 
@@ -2459,9 +2739,9 @@ static void flyswatter_jtag_blink(void)
         */
        high_output ^= 0x0c;
 
-       BUFFER_ADD = 0x82;
-       BUFFER_ADD = high_output;
-       BUFFER_ADD = high_direction;
+       buffer_write(0x82);
+       buffer_write(high_output);
+       buffer_write(high_direction);
 }
 
 
@@ -2479,9 +2759,9 @@ static void turtle_jtag_blink(void)
                high_output = 0x08;
        }
 
-       BUFFER_ADD = 0x82;
-       BUFFER_ADD = high_output;
-       BUFFER_ADD = high_direction;
+       buffer_write(0x82);
+       buffer_write(high_output);
+       buffer_write(high_direction);
 }
 
 
@@ -2492,8 +2772,6 @@ static int ft2232_quit(void)
 
        status = FT_Close(ftdih);
 #elif BUILD_FT2232_LIBFTDI == 1
-       ftdi_disable_bitbang(&ftdic);
-
        ftdi_usb_close(&ftdic);
 
        ftdi_deinit(&ftdic);
@@ -2513,23 +2791,23 @@ static int ft2232_handle_device_desc_command(struct command_context_s* cmd_ctx,
        if (argc == 1)
        {
                ft2232_device_desc = strdup(args[0]);
-               cp = strchr( ft2232_device_desc, 0 );
+               cp = strchr(ft2232_device_desc, 0);
                // under Win32, the FTD2XX driver appends an "A" to the end
                // of the description, this examines the given desc
                // and creates the 'missing' _A or non_A variable.
-               if( (cp[-1] == 'A') && (cp[-2]==' ') ){
+               if ((cp[-1] == 'A') && (cp[-2]==' ')) {
                        // it was, so make this the "A" version.
                        ft2232_device_desc_A = ft2232_device_desc;
                        // and *CREATE* the non-A version.
-                       strcpy( buf, ft2232_device_desc );
-                       cp = strchr( buf, 0 );
+                       strcpy(buf, ft2232_device_desc);
+                       cp = strchr(buf, 0);
                        cp[-2] = 0;
-                       ft2232_device_desc =  strdup( buf );
+                       ft2232_device_desc =  strdup(buf);
                } else {
-                       // <space>A not defined
+                       // <space > A not defined
                        // so create it
-                       sprintf( buf, "%s A", ft2232_device_desc );
-                       ft2232_device_desc_A = strdup( buf );
+                       sprintf(buf, "%s A", ft2232_device_desc);
+                       ft2232_device_desc_A = strdup(buf);
                }
        }
        else
@@ -2570,25 +2848,31 @@ static int ft2232_handle_layout_command(struct command_context_s* cmd_ctx, char*
 
 static int ft2232_handle_vid_pid_command(struct command_context_s* cmd_ctx, char* cmd, char** args, int argc)
 {
-       int i;
-
        if (argc > MAX_USB_IDS * 2)
        {
                LOG_WARNING("ignoring extra IDs in ft2232_vid_pid "
                                        "(maximum is %d pairs)", MAX_USB_IDS);
                argc = MAX_USB_IDS * 2;
        }
-       if ( argc < 2 || (argc & 1) )
+       if (argc < 2 || (argc & 1))
        {
                LOG_WARNING("incomplete ft2232_vid_pid configuration directive");
                if (argc < 2)
-                       return ERROR_OK;
+                       return ERROR_COMMAND_SYNTAX_ERROR;
+               // remove the incomplete trailing id
+               argc -= 1;
        }
 
-       for (i = 0; i + 1 < argc; i += 2)
+       int i;
+       int retval = ERROR_OK;
+       for (i = 0; i < argc; i += 2)
        {
-               ft2232_vid[i >> 1] = strtol(args[i], NULL, 0);
-               ft2232_pid[i >> 1] = strtol(args[i + 1], NULL, 0);
+               retval = parse_u16(args[i], &ft2232_vid[i >> 1]);
+               if (ERROR_OK != retval)
+                       break;
+               retval = parse_u16(args[i + 1], &ft2232_pid[i >> 1]);
+               if (ERROR_OK != retval)
+                       break;
        }
 
        /*
@@ -2597,7 +2881,7 @@ static int ft2232_handle_vid_pid_command(struct command_context_s* cmd_ctx, char
         */
        ft2232_vid[i >> 1] = ft2232_pid[i >> 1] = 0;
 
-       return ERROR_OK;
+       return retval;
 }
 
 
@@ -2621,7 +2905,7 @@ static int ft2232_stableclocks(int num_cycles, jtag_command_t* cmd)
        int retval = 0;
 
        /* 7 bits of either ones or zeros. */
-       u8  tms = (tap_get_state() == TAP_RESET ? 0x7F : 0x00);
+       uint8_t  tms = (tap_get_state() == TAP_RESET ? 0x7F : 0x00);
 
        while (num_cycles > 0)
        {
@@ -2639,14 +2923,16 @@ static int ft2232_stableclocks(int num_cycles, jtag_command_t* cmd)
                        first_unsent = cmd;
                }
 
+               /* there are no state transitions in this code, so omit state tracking */
+
                /* command "Clock Data to TMS/CS Pin (no Read)" */
-               BUFFER_ADD = 0x4b;
+               buffer_write(0x4b);
 
                /* scan 7 bit */
-               BUFFER_ADD = bitcount_per_command - 1;
+               buffer_write(bitcount_per_command - 1);
 
                /* TMS data bits are either all zeros or ones to stay in the current stable state */
-               BUFFER_ADD = tms;
+               buffer_write(tms);
 
                require_send = 1;
 
@@ -2656,9 +2942,10 @@ static int ft2232_stableclocks(int num_cycles, jtag_command_t* cmd)
        return retval;
 }
 
+
 /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------
  * Support for IceBear JTAG adapter from Section5:
- *     http://section5.ch/icebear
+ *     http://section5.ch/icebear
  *
  * Author: Sten, debian@sansys-electronic.com
  */
@@ -2683,14 +2970,15 @@ static int ft2232_stableclocks(int num_cycles, jtag_command_t* cmd)
  * ADBUS7 -   GND
  */
 static int icebear_jtag_init(void) {
-       u8  buf[3];
-       u32 bytes_written;
+       uint8_t  buf[3];
+       uint32_t bytes_written;
 
        low_direction   = 0x0b; /* output: TCK TDI TMS; input: TDO */
        low_output      = 0x08; /* high: TMS; low: TCK TDI */
        nTRST           = 0x10;
        nSRST           = 0x20;
 
+       enum reset_types jtag_reset_config = jtag_get_reset_config();
        if ((jtag_reset_config & RESET_TRST_OPEN_DRAIN) != 0) {
                low_direction   &= ~nTRST;      /* nTRST high impedance */
        }
@@ -2708,7 +2996,7 @@ static int icebear_jtag_init(void) {
        buf[2] = low_direction;
        LOG_DEBUG("%2.2x %2.2x %2.2x", buf[0], buf[1], buf[2]);
 
-       if ( ( ( ft2232_write(buf, 3, &bytes_written) ) != ERROR_OK ) || (bytes_written != 3) ) {
+       if (((ft2232_write(buf, 3, &bytes_written)) != ERROR_OK) || (bytes_written != 3)) {
                LOG_ERROR("couldn't initialize FT2232 with 'IceBear' layout (low)");
                return ERROR_JTAG_INIT_FAILED;
        }
@@ -2723,7 +3011,7 @@ static int icebear_jtag_init(void) {
        buf[2] = high_direction;    /* all outputs (xRST and xRSTnOE) */
        LOG_DEBUG("%2.2x %2.2x %2.2x", buf[0], buf[1], buf[2]);
 
-       if ( ( ( ft2232_write(buf, 3, &bytes_written) ) != ERROR_OK ) || (bytes_written != 3) ) {
+       if (((ft2232_write(buf, 3, &bytes_written)) != ERROR_OK) || (bytes_written != 3)) {
                LOG_ERROR("couldn't initialize FT2232 with 'IceBear' layout (high)");
                return ERROR_JTAG_INIT_FAILED;
        }
@@ -2738,6 +3026,7 @@ static void icebear_jtag_reset(int trst, int srst) {
                low_output      &= ~nTRST;
        }
        else if (trst == 0) {
+               enum reset_types jtag_reset_config = jtag_get_reset_config();
                if ((jtag_reset_config & RESET_TRST_OPEN_DRAIN) != 0)
                        low_direction   &= ~nTRST;
                else
@@ -2752,8 +3041,9 @@ static void icebear_jtag_reset(int trst, int srst) {
        }
 
        /* command "set data bits low byte" */
-       BUFFER_ADD = 0x80;
-       BUFFER_ADD = low_output;
-       BUFFER_ADD = low_direction;
+       buffer_write(0x80);
+       buffer_write(low_output);
+       buffer_write(low_direction);
+
        LOG_DEBUG("trst: %i, srst: %i, low_output: 0x%2.2x, low_direction: 0x%2.2x", trst, srst, low_output, low_direction);
 }

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